分布式应用的构成 3 layers of a distributed application network level (TCP/IP, network protocols higher-level services( directory services, security protocols, etc. v applicationlevel At the application level processes threads objects: processes can be made up of one or more objects which can be accessed by one or more threads within the process agents: an"independentfunctionalelement(e. g, in a banking application we may have a customer agent, a transaction agent, an information brokerage agent) Distributed Systems FrameworksDistributed Systems Frameworks 13 分布式应用的构成 3 layers of a distributed application: network level (TCP/IP, network protocols) higher-level services (directory services, security protocols, etc.) application level At the application level: processes threads objects: processes can be made up of one or more objects which can be accessed by one or more threads within the process agents: an “independent”functional element (e.g., in a banking application we may have a customer agent, a transaction agent, an information brokerage agent)