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.612. 北京科技大学学报 第29卷 “保护壳”，使高温等温线聚集于其内而无法进入炉 参考文献 缸炉底砖层，是防止耐火材料被侵蚀的最根本原因， [1]程树森，杨天钧，薛庆国，等.长寿高炉设计指标及设计方案评 (2)“传热法”高导热炭砖炉缸延长寿命的关键 价系统初探.钢铁，2000,35(5)：10 是要在铁水和炭砖间形成“自保护”的渣铁壳，但此 [2]Takeda K.Watakabe S.Sawa Y,et al.Prevention of hearth 方法对炭砖的导热系数要求较高，如果炭砖导热系 brick wear by forming a stable solidified layer//Iron and Steel So- ciety,eds.Iron making Conference Proceedings.Chicago:Iron 数达不到要求，由于凝固潜热的影响，炉缸热阻减 and Steel Society.1999:657 小，侵蚀可能还会加剧而无法形成渣铁壳，炭砖的高 [3]Van Laar R.Van Stein Callenfels E.Geerdes M,et al.Blast fur- 导热作用将适得其反，加剧侵蚀并造成热损失过大， nace hearth management for safe and long cCampaigns.Iron 即使可以令接近炭砖热面的铁水降至1150℃凝固 Steelmaker,2003,30(8):123 温度下，渣铁壳也不易稳定存在，同时炉缸热面的炭 [4]程树森，杨天钧，左海滨，高炉炉身下部及炉缸、炉底冷却系统 的传热学计算.钢铁研究学报，2004,16(5)：10 砖温度在渣铁壳形成之前很容易达到其脆化温度， [5]Cheng SS,Yang T J.Xue Q G.et al.Numerical simulation for 高炉长寿仍存在隐患 the lower shaft and hearth bottom of blast furnace.J Univ Sci (③)“隔热法”陶瓷杯复合炉缸炉底延长高炉寿 Technol Beijing.2003.10(3):16 命的关键是在铁水前布置“他保护”的耐高温的陶 [6]程树森，杨天钧，左海滨，等，长寿高炉炉缸和炉底温度场数学 瓷质材料作为“保护壳”，但由于陶瓷质的低导热系 模型及数值模拟·钢铁研究学报，2004,16(1)：6 [7]程树森，杨天钧.高炉炉培热负荷的传热学分析和研究，钢铁 数，抑制了炉缸炉底的冷却作用，冷却水无用损耗较 研究学报，2002,14(2)：5 大，即使搭配采用高导热系数的炭砖，也很难使铁水 [8]杨天钧，程树森，吴启常，等.高炉铜冷却壁的研制炼铁， 凝固成渣铁壳；同时使得陶瓷杯内热应力过大，陶瓷 2000,19(5):19 杯一直面对炙热铁水的冲刷，高炉寿命的延长以高 [9]Jan T,Henrik S.Model of the state of the blast furnace hearth. 成本陶瓷杯的不可逆转的消耗为代价. ISIJInt,2000,40(5):438 [10]Akihiko S.Hitoshi N,Nariyuki Y,et al.Investigation of blast- (4)目前最流行的上述两种炉缸炉底结构虽然 furnace hearth sidew all erosion by core sample analysis and con- 有着成功的例子，但从传热学和成本的角度考虑，都 sideration of campaign operation.ISI]Int,2003,43(3):321 存在着弊端。合理发挥炉缸炉底冷却系统的作用， [11]杨志荣，程树森，赵宏博.太钢高炉炉底炉缸长寿探讨，炼 保证炉缸炉底“自保护”渣铁壳的形成和炉缸的活跃 铁，2005,24(6)：16 是改进炉缸炉底设计的根本出发点， Analysis of"heat transfer method"hearth and"heat isolation method"ceramic cup synthetic hearth bottom ZHAO Hongbo,CHENG Shusen,ZHAO Minge2) 1)Metallurgy and Ecology Engineering School,University of Science and Technology Beijing.Beijing 100083.China 2)Capital Steel Technology Institute.Beijing 100041,China ABSTRACI According to the theory of heat transfer,BF hearth bottom models were built based on actual ex- amples by software with VC language,the calculated results in good accordance with the data of BF thermal cou ples.Temperature distribution and the capability of resistance to erosion were analyzed for the two prevalent kinds of hearth bottom,called"heat transfer method"hearth with small carbon bricks of high thermal conduc- tivity and"heat isolation method"ceramic synthetic hearth bottom.Different ways in protecting hearth bottom were clarified by analyzing some actual examples.The result shows that the existence of a "protecting skull" with low thermal conductivity between hot metal and brick layers is the same essence of prolonging the life of hearth bottom,and the disadvantages of the two kinds of hearth bottom were analyzed. KEY WORDS hearth bottom;BF life;essence of long life:heat transfer theory;temperature field“保护壳”使高温等温线聚集于其内而无法进入炉 缸炉底砖层是防止耐火材料被侵蚀的最根本原因． （2） “传热法”高导热炭砖炉缸延长寿命的关键 是要在铁水和炭砖间形成“自保护”的渣铁壳但此 方法对炭砖的导热系数要求较高如果炭砖导热系 数达不到要求由于凝固潜热的影响炉缸热阻减 小侵蚀可能还会加剧而无法形成渣铁壳炭砖的高 导热作用将适得其反加剧侵蚀并造成热损失过大． 即使可以令接近炭砖热面的铁水降至1150℃凝固 温度下渣铁壳也不易稳定存在同时炉缸热面的炭 砖温度在渣铁壳形成之前很容易达到其脆化温度 高炉长寿仍存在隐患． （3） “隔热法”陶瓷杯复合炉缸炉底延长高炉寿 命的关键是在铁水前布置 “他保护”的耐高温的陶 瓷质材料作为“保护壳”但由于陶瓷质的低导热系 数抑制了炉缸炉底的冷却作用冷却水无用损耗较 大即使搭配采用高导热系数的炭砖也很难使铁水 凝固成渣铁壳；同时使得陶瓷杯内热应力过大陶瓷 杯一直面对炙热铁水的冲刷高炉寿命的延长以高 成本陶瓷杯的不可逆转的消耗为代价． （4） 目前最流行的上述两种炉缸炉底结构虽然 有着成功的例子但从传热学和成本的角度考虑都 存在着弊端．合理发挥炉缸炉底冷却系统的作用 保证炉缸炉底“自保护”渣铁壳的形成和炉缸的活跃 是改进炉缸炉底设计的根本出发点． 参 考 文 献 ［1］ 程树森杨天钧薛庆国等．长寿高炉设计指标及设计方案评 价系统初探．钢铁200035（5）：10 ［2］ Takeda KWatakabe SSawa Yet al．Prevention of hearth brick wear by forming a stable solidified layer∥Iron and Steel Societyeds．Iron making Conference Proceedings．Chicago：Iron and Steel Society1999：657 ［3］ Van Laar RVan Stein Callenfels EGeerdes Met al．Blast furnace hearth management for safe and long cCampaigns．Iron Steelmaker200330（8）：123 ［4］ 程树森杨天钧左海滨．高炉炉身下部及炉缸、炉底冷却系统 的传热学计算．钢铁研究学报200416（5）：10 ［5］ Cheng S SYang T JXue Q Get al．Numerical simulation for the lower shaft and hearth bottom of blast furnace．J Univ Sci Technol Beijing200310（3）：16 ［6］ 程树森杨天钧左海滨等．长寿高炉炉缸和炉底温度场数学 模型及数值模拟．钢铁研究学报200416（1）：6 ［7］ 程树森杨天钧．高炉炉墙热负荷的传热学分析和研究．钢铁 研究学报200214（2）：5 ［8］ 杨天钧程树森吴启常等．高炉铜冷却壁的研制．炼铁 200019（5）：19 ［9］ Jan THenrik S．Model of the state of the blast furnace hearth． ISIJ Int200040（5）：438 ［10］ Akihiko SHitoshi NNariyuki Yet al．Investigation of blastfurnace hearth sidewall erosion by core sample analysis and consideration of campaign operation．ISIJ Int200343（3）：321 ［11］ 杨志荣程树森赵宏博．太钢高炉炉底炉缸长寿探讨．炼 铁200524（6）：16 Analysis of “heat transfer method” hearth and “heat isolation method” ceramic cup synthetic hearth bottom ZHAO Hongbo 1）CHENG Shusen 1）ZHAO Minge 12） 1） Metallurgy and Ecology Engineering SchoolUniversity of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing100083China 2） Capital Steel Technology InstituteBeijing100041China ABSTRACT According to the theory of heat transferBF hearth bottom models were built based on actual examples by software with VC languagethe calculated results in good accordance with the data of BF thermal couples．Temperature distribution and the capability of resistance to erosion were analyzed for the two prevalent kinds of hearth bottomcalled “heat transfer method” hearth with small carbon bricks of high thermal conductivity and “heat isolation method” ceramic synthetic hearth bottom．Different ways in protecting hearth bottom were clarified by analyzing some actual examples．The result shows that the existence of a “protecting skull” with low thermal conductivity between hot metal and brick layers is the same essence of prolonging the life of hearth bottomand the disadvantages of the two kinds of hearth bottom were analyzed． KEY WORDS hearth bottom；BF life；essence of long life；heat transfer theory；temperature field ·612· 北 京 科 技 大 学 学 报 第29卷