94 Stephen Hymer corporation,an authoritarian hierarchy is used to coordinate labor,to keep the worker ignorant of the cooperative process of which he is part, and to alienate him from his work,his instruments and machines,and his product.Because of the undemocratic nature of the work process,the possibilities for human development created by science cannot be real- ized,while the fact that workers are not cooperating voluntarily,but are coerced by an alien force,means that capital must continuously squan- der energy wrestling with their insubordination.An attempt is made through the state to coordinate capitalism on a plane above that of the market so that the waste of externalities can be reduced,and the conflicts between capitals and between capital and labor can be amelio- rated.But the state has to operate with its hands tied.It has to solve problems without damaging the system of private property that produces these problems.The good intentions of public policy always founder on this rock,and society must continue to bear the costs of constant rivalry, the inability to meet social needs,and the frustration of human devel- opment. A Marxian bias is evident in my presentation.Unfortunately,Marx's promised volumes on wage labor,foreign trade,and the state and the world economy were never written (or have not been found),and the elements of his analysis are scattered throughout his many writings. However,a succinct statement of his basic argument,which the reader may find useful,is found in Volume 3 of Capital(p.261 of the In- ternational Publishers edition).There he identifies "three cardinal facts of capitalist production,"as follows: 1)Concentration of means of production in few hands,whereby they cease to appear as the property of the immediate labourers and turn into social capacities.Even if initially they are the private property of capitalists.These are the trustees of bourgeois society, but they pocket all the proceeds of this trusteeship. 2)Organization of labour into social labour;through competition. division of labour,and the uniting of labour with the natural sci- ences. In these two senses,the capitalist mode of production abolishes private property and private labour,even though in contradictory forms. 3)Creation of the world market. The stupendous productivity developing under the capitalist mode of production relative to population...contradicts the basis,which constantly narrows in relation to the expanding wealth,and for which all this immense productiveness works.They also contradict the conditions under which this swelling capital augments its value. Hence the crisis. This content downloaded from 202.120.14.154 on Mon,04 Jan 2016 03:31:29 UTC All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions94 Stephen Hymer corporation, an authoritarian hierarchy is used to coordinate labor, to keep the worker ignorant of the cooperative process of which he is part, and to alienate him from his work, his instruments and machines, and his product. Because of the undemocratic nature of the work process, the possibilities for human development created by science cannot be real￾ized, while the fact that workers are not cooperating voluntarily, but are coerced by an alien force, means that capital must continuously squan￾der energy wrestling with their insubordination. An attempt is made through the state to coordinate capitalism on a plane above that of the market so that the waste of externalities can be reduced, and the conflicts between capitals and between capital and labor can be amelio￾rated. But the state has to operate with its hands tied. It has to solve problems without damaging the system of private property that produces these problems. The good intentions of public policy always founder on this rock, and society must continue to bear the costs of constant rivalry, the inability to meet social needs, and the frustration of human devel￾opment. A Marxian bias is evident in my presentation. Unfortunately, Marx's promised volumes on wage labor, foreign trade, and the state and the world economy were never written (or have not been found), and the elements of his analysis are scattered throughout his many writings. However, a succinct statement of his basic argument, which the reader may find useful, is found in Volume 3 of Capital (p. 261 of the In￾ternational Publishers edition). There he identifies "three cardinal facts of capitalist production," as follows: 1) Concentration of means of production in few hands, whereby they cease to appear as the property of the immediate labourers and turn into social capacities. Even if initially they are the private property of capitalists. These are the trustees of bourgeois society, but they pocket all the proceeds of this trusteeship. 2) Organization of labour into social labour; through competition, division of labour, and the uniting of labour with the natural sci￾ences. In these two senses, the capitalist mode of production abolishes private property and private labour, even though in contradictory forms. 3) Creation of the world market. The stupendous productivity developing under the capitalist mode of production relative to population ... contradicts the basis, which constantly narrows in relation to the expanding wealth, and for which all this immense productiveness works. They also contradict the conditions under which this swelling capital augments its value. Hence the crisis. This content downloaded from 202.120.14.154 on Mon, 04 Jan 2016 03:31:29 UTC All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions