Part I Read Passage 1 and decide the meaning of the following words with the help of the context.The paragraph in which the word appears is indicated in brackets.Write A,B,or C on your answer sheet.(30 points,3 points each) Passage 1 Communication and Gender in Business 1 According to popular American linguist,Deborah Tannen,communication habits vary depending on individual personality,culture,and among other factors,gender.Since male ways of communicating are standard in business,women's ways of talking are often ignored or misunderstood in the workplace.Tannen emphasizes that female and male styles are both valid.Here are some of Tannen's main points. 2 Conversational styles in boys and girls show up early.Even 5-year-old boys care about their rank in the group,while 5-year-old girls care more about being in or out of the group.Therefore,men's conversational styles often use competition,while women try to keep the appearance of equality. 3 Women tend to apologize more than men,as an attempt to restore the power balance in conversation.When men simply accept the apology rather than part of the responsibility, women feel unjustly blamed. 4 Western women favor indirect ways of speaking,which is interpreted by Western men as showing insecurity and lack of confidence.However,this gender difference is also a cultural difference:Japanese business culture demands indirectness,and the direct approach used by western businessmen is often seen as rude by the Japanese. 5 In business,women are often blamed if they "talk like a woman"(soft,indirect, cautious),but are also blamed if they "talk like a man"(bossy,aggressive). 6 We have strong negative images of women in authority:Wicked Witch and Mother, so women bosses are judged not as bosses but as women. 7 Gender differences show most strongly not in individuals but in group settings.In a group of men and women,women tend to become silent bystanders,while men are active participants. 919Part I Read Passage 1 and decide the meaning of the following words with the help of the context. The paragraph in which the word appears is indicated in brackets. Write A , B , or C on your answer sheet. (30 points, 3 points each) Passage 1 Communication and Gender in Business 1 According to popular American linguist , Deborah Tannen , communication habits vary depending on individual personality , culture , and among other factors , gender. Since male ways of communicating are standard in business, women' s ways of talking are often ignored or misunderstood in the workplace. Tannen emphasizes that female and male styles are both valid. Here are some of Tannen' s main points. 2 Conversational styles in boys and girls show up early. Even 5-year-old boys care about their rank in the group , while 5-year-old girls care more about being in or out of the group. Therefore , men' s conversational styles often use competition , while women try to keep the appearance of equality. 3 Women tend to apologize more than men , as an attempt to restore the power balance in conversation. When men simply accept the apology rather than part of the responsibility , women feel unjustly blamed. 4 Western women favor indirect ways of speaking , which is interpreted by Western men as showing insecurity and lack of confidence. However, this gender difference is also a cultural dL1ferencezJapanese business culturE demands IMIrectneSS ,and th direct approach used by western businessmen is often seen as rude by the Japanese. 5 In business, women are often blamed if they" talk like a woman" (soft , indirect , cautious) , but are also blamed if they "talk like a man" (bossy , aggressive). 6 We have strong negative images of women in authority: Wicked Witch and Mother, so women bosses are judged not as bosses but as women. 7 Gender differences show most strongly not in individuals but in group settings. In a group of men and women , women tend to become silent bystanders, while men are active partIcIpants. 919