When you make a pledge, you should always try to fulfil it 2)v promise formally to do sth The government has pledged that it will spend more money on education We ve pled ged ourselves to fight for justice 15. symbol: n. 1)a sign used in mathematics, chemistry, or other sciences The symbol for oxygen is O2 2)a written character that is part of a special language or sign system The book contains symbols that i cannot read 3)a sign, mark, picture, or other object taken or understood to be the representation of The car is a symbol of freedom 16. at the expense of: with sb. paying, by harming or causing a loss to He took a trip at the expense of the company He became a brilliant scholar but only at the expense of his health 17. were to: This structure is used in an if-clause to make the reader imagine a future cond ition, esp. one that is not likely, not possible, or unreal If it were to rain tomorrow the match would have to be cancelled If it were to reveal its secrets, that organization would collapse in shame 18. nothing but: only That child is nothing but trouble Don't make friends with him: he' s nothing but a criminal 19. keep pace with: move forward, develop or increase at the same rate as(sb. /sth) I cant keep pace with you at this rate Go slowly We must make sure that we keep pace with new developments in computer technology 20. in other words: expressed in a different way You think he should make a positive career move outside this organization other words you think he should leave Your performance in the exam did not reach the required standard- in other words ou failed 21. legislation: n. 1)a law or laws already passed New legislation has raised taxes on peoples incomes and on business 2)the act of making laws Legislation of a new trade agreement will take time 22. in the meantime. meantime. at the same time. meanwhile I l talk to you tomorrow; in the meantime have a good evening The new hospital will be built next year, but doctors are having to work in the meantime in seriously overcrowded cond itions in the old one 23 shift: v(cause to) move, change from one position to another The truck driver shifted gears Med ia attention has shifted recently onto environmental issues n 1)C a change in position or location There has been a dramatic shift in public opinion. People used to support the war but now they are against itWhen you make a pledge, you should always try to fulfil it. 2) v. promise formally to do sth. The government has pledged that it will spend more money on education. We’ve pledged ourselves to fight for justice. 15. symbol: n. 1) a sign used in mathematics, chemistry, or other sciences The symbol for oxygen is O2. 2) a written character that is part of a special language or sign system The book contains symbols that I cannot read. 3) a sign, mark, picture, or other object taken or understood to be the representation of sth. The car is a symbol of freedom. 16. at the expense of: with sb. paying; by harming or causing a loss to He took a trip at the expense of the company. He became a brilliant scholar but only at the expense of his health. 17. were to: This structure is used in an if-clause to make the reader imagine a future condition, esp. one that is not likely, not possible, or unreal. If it were to rain tomorrow, the match would have to be cancelled. If it were to reveal its secrets, that organization would collapse in shame. 18. nothing but: only That child is nothing but trouble. Don’t make friends with him: he’s nothing but a criminal. 19. keep pace with: move forward, develop or increase at the same rate as (sb. / sth.) I can’t keep pace with you at this rate. Go slowly. We must make sure that we keep pace with new developments in computer technology. 20. in other words: expressed in a different way You think he should make a positive career move outside this organization — in other words you think he should leave. Your performance in the exam did not reach the required standard — in other words, you failed. 21. legislation: n. 1) a law or laws already passed New legislation has raised taxes on people’s incomes and on business. 2) the act of making laws Legislation of a new trade agreement will take time. 22. in the meantime: meantime, at the same time, meanwhile I’ll talk to you tomorrow; in the meantime have a good evening. The new hospital will be built next year, but doctors are having to work in the meantime in seriously overcrowded conditions in the old one. 23. shift: v. (cause to) move, change from one position to another The truck driver shifted gears. Media attention has shifted recently onto environmental issues. n. 1) [C] a change in position or location There has been a dramatic shift in public opinion. People used to support the war but now they are against it