CASSINI SPACECRAFT O ne of NASAs latest planetary systems research segments is called the Discovery Program. This program is an effort to develop frequent, small planetary missions that perform high quality scientific investigations. Discovery missions planned for 1997 include the sending of a Mars lander to the planet and launching the Lunar Prospector to map the moon's surface composition. The principle planetary mission of NASAs Discovery Program is the 1997 launch of Cassini. Cassini is a joint project of NASA, the European Space Agency(ESA), and the Italian Space Agency, and managed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (PL) The flight vehicle consists of the main Cassini spacecraft and the ESA-built Huygens Probe, a 750-pound, six instrument package that will descend into the atmosphere of Saturns moon Titan, which is believed to be chemically similar to the atmosphere of early Earth Launched towards the end of 1997, Cassini will make flybys of Venus and Jupiter en route to a rendezvous with Saturn in July 2004. Cassini will release the Huygens Probe during its first orbit, then make approximately 40 revolutions over a span of four years, while the spacecrafts 12 instruments onduct a detailed exploration of the whole Saturnian system, including Titan and the planets other icy moons. (Courtesy of National Aeronautics and Space Administration. This artist,'s concept shows the Cassini spacecraft orbiting around Saturn just after deploying a probe that will descend into the atmosphere of Saturns moon Titan. Launched October 1997, Cassini will reach Saturn in July 2004 and orbit the planet for four years thereafter.(Photo courtesy of National Aeronautics and Space Administration. capacitance(Zp) which is in the range of 50 to 150 pF/m for different types of cable. At high frequencies, the haracteristic impedance of the interconnect is used;e.g, 50 Q2 or 75 @2 for commonly used coaxial cables; 120 Q2 for twisted pair The response of an entire instrumentation system can be modeled by interconnecting the individual me elements. Figure 108.5 shows an le that was obtained by substituting models for an operational amplifier e 2000 by CRC Press LLC© 2000 by CRC Press LLC capacitance (Zp) which is in the range of 50 to 150 pF/m for different types of cable. At high frequencies, the characteristic impedance of the interconnect is used; e.g., 50 W or 75 W for commonly used coaxial cables; 120 W for twisted pair. The response of an entire instrumentation system can be modeled by interconnecting the individual model elements. Figure 108.5 shows an example that was obtained by substituting models for an operational amplifier CASSINI SPACECRAFT ne of NASA’s latest planetary systems research segments is called the Discovery Program. This program is an effort to develop frequent, small planetary missions that perform high quality scientific investigations. Discovery missions planned for 1997 include the sending of a Mars lander to the planet and launching the Lunar Prospector to map the moon’s surface composition. The principle planetary mission of NASA’s Discovery Program is the 1997 launch of Cassini. Cassini is a joint project of NASA, the European Space Agency (ESA), and the Italian Space Agency, and is managed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL). The flight vehicle consists of the main Cassini spacecraft and the ESA-built Huygens Probe, a 750-pound, six instrument package that will descend into the atmosphere of Saturn’s moon Titan, which is believed to be chemically similar to the atmosphere of early Earth. Launched towards the end of 1997, Cassini will make flybys of Venus and Jupiter en route to a rendezvous with Saturn in July 2004. Cassini will release the Huygens Probe during its first orbit, then make approximately 40 revolutions over a span of four years, while the spacecraft’s 12 instruments conduct a detailed exploration of the whole Saturnian system, including Titan and the planet’s other icy moons. (Courtesy of National Aeronautics and Space Administration.) This artist’s concept shows the Cassini spacecraft orbiting around Saturn, just after deploying a probe that will descend into the atmosphere of Saturn’s moon Titan. Launched October 1997, Cassini will reach Saturn in July 2004 and orbit the planet for four years thereafter. (Photo courtesy of National Aeronautics and Space Administration.) O