CONTENTS vii 3.5 TCAM-Based Algorithms 108 3.5.1 Range Matching in TCAM-Based Packet Classification 108 3.5.2 Range Mapping in TCAMs 110 4 TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT 114 4.1 Quality of Service /114 4.1.1 QoS Parameters 115 4.1.2 Traffic Parameters /116 4.2 Integrated Services 117 4.2.1 Integrated Service Classes 117 4.2.2 IntServ Architecture 117 4.2.3 Resource ReSer Vation Protocol(RSVP)/119 4.3 Differentiated Services /121 4.3.1 Service Level Agreement /122 4.3.2 Traffic Conditioning Agreement /123 4.3.3 Differentiated Services Network Architecture 123 4.3.4 Network Boundary Traffic Classification and Conditioning /124 4.3.5 Per Hop Behavior(PHB)/126 4.3.6 Differentiated Services Field 127 4.3.7 PHB Implementation with Packet Schedulers 128 4.4 Traffic Policing and Shaping /129 4.4.1 Location of Policing and Shaping Functions 130 4.4.2 ATM's Leaky Bucket 131 4.4.3 IP's Token Bucket 133 4.4.4 Traffic Policing /134 4.4.5 Traffic Shaping 135 45 Packet Scheduling /136 4.5.1 Max-Min Scheduling 136 4.5.2 Round-Robin Service 138 4.5.3 Weighted Round-Robin Service /139 4.5.4 Deficit Round-Robin Service 140 4.5.5 Generalized Processor Sharing(GPS)/141 4.5.6 Weighted Fair Queuing (WFQ)/146 4.5.7 Virtual Clock 150 4.5.8 Self-Clocked Fair Queuing 153 4.5.9 Worst-Case Fair Weighted Fair Queuing (WP2Q)/155 4.5.10W℉2Q+/158 4.5.11 Comparison /159 4.5.12 Priorities Sorting Using a Sequencer /160Book1099 — “ftoc” — 2007/2/16 — 21:26 — page vii — #3 CONTENTS vii 3.5 TCAM-Based Algorithms / 108 3.5.1 Range Matching in TCAM-Based Packet Classification / 108 3.5.2 Range Mapping in TCAMs / 110 4 TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT 114 4.1 Quality of Service / 114 4.1.1 QoS Parameters / 115 4.1.2 Traffic Parameters / 116 4.2 Integrated Services / 117 4.2.1 Integrated Service Classes / 117 4.2.2 IntServ Architecture / 117 4.2.3 Resource ReSerVation Protocol (RSVP) / 119 4.3 Differentiated Services / 121 4.3.1 Service Level Agreement / 122 4.3.2 Traffic Conditioning Agreement / 123 4.3.3 Differentiated Services Network Architecture / 123 4.3.4 Network Boundary Traffic Classification and Conditioning / 124 4.3.5 Per Hop Behavior (PHB) / 126 4.3.6 Differentiated Services Field / 127 4.3.7 PHB Implementation with Packet Schedulers / 128 4.4 Traffic Policing and Shaping / 129 4.4.1 Location of Policing and Shaping Functions / 130 4.4.2 ATM’s Leaky Bucket / 131 4.4.3 IP’s Token Bucket / 133 4.4.4 Traffic Policing / 134 4.4.5 Traffic Shaping / 135 4.5 Packet Scheduling / 136 4.5.1 Max-Min Scheduling / 136 4.5.2 Round-Robin Service / 138 4.5.3 Weighted Round-Robin Service / 139 4.5.4 Deficit Round-Robin Service / 140 4.5.5 Generalized Processor Sharing (GPS) / 141 4.5.6 Weighted Fair Queuing (WFQ) / 146 4.5.7 Virtual Clock / 150 4.5.8 Self-Clocked Fair Queuing / 153 4.5.9 Worst-Case Fair Weighted Fair Queuing (WF2Q) / 155 4.5.10 WF2Q+ / 158 4.5.11 Comparison / 159 4.5.12 Priorities Sorting Using a Sequencer / 160