The various stiffing members have several functions: (a) the beams support the deck plating; (b) the girder, in turn, support the beams, transferring the load to the stanchions or bulkheads; (c)the transverse frames support the side shell and the ends of the transverse deck beams and are, in turn, supported by decks and stringers;(d) the stiffeners support the bulkhead plating, and so on A discussed in detail in section 4, the stiffening members are generally rolled, extruded, flanged, flat or built-up plate sections with one edge attached to the plate they reinforced Vertical plates often connect the bottom shell and inner bottom, stiffening both members. If oriented transversely, these plates are called floors, and if longitudinally oriented, center vertical keel or side girder, as appropriate Stiffening members do not of course, act independently of the plating to which they are attached. a portion of the plate serves as one flange of the stiffener, and properties such as section modulus and moment of the stiffener must reflect this. The American Bureau of Shipping(ABS) considers a width of plating equal to the stiffener spacing as effective, while Lloyds Register of Shipping(Lr)assumes 24 in. to be effective Stiffening members serve two functions, depending on how they are loaded In the cases of loads normal to the plate, such as water loading on a transverse bulkhead, the stiffeners assume the load transferred from the plate. In the case of in-plane loads, such as those included in the deck by longitudinal bending of the hull girder, the beams serve to maintain the deck plating in its designed shape. If the deck beams are longitudinally oriented, they will, of course, carry the same primary stress as the plating and may contribute substantially to the hull girder strength Pillars are used to support deck girders, longitudinal or transverse. These supports, in ddition to carrying local loads from cargo, etc, serve to keep the deck and bottom from moving toward each other as a result of longitudinal bending of the hull girder. From" Ship Design and Construction"by D Arcangelo, 1969) Technical Terms 1. structural components结构构件 17. longitudinal strength总纵(纵向)强度 2. strength deck强力甲板 18. barrier挡板,屏障 3. box girder箱形梁 19.web腹板 4. tight envelope密闭外壳 20. static water pressure静水压力 5. longitudinal member纵向构件 21. Impact冲击 6. hull girder船体梁 22. shaft strut尾轴架 7. lower/upper flange下/上翼缘板 23. panel stiffness板格刚性 8. forward/ aft end首尾端 24. vibration振动 9. dynamic pressure动压力 25. bulkhead舱壁 10. slamming砰击 diaphragm隔壁 11. inner bottom内底 27. racking load横扭载荷 12.hold货舱 8. kingpost起重柱 13. double botton双层底 rigidity刚度 14.hold货舱 30. subdivision分舱 15. neutral axis中和轴 31. sheet薄板 16. longitudinal bending纵向弯曲 32. stanchion支柱The various stiffing members have several functions: (a) the beams support the deck plating; (b) the girder, in turn, support the beams, transferring the load to the stanchions or bulkheads; (c) the transverse frames support the side shell and the ends of the transverse deck beams and are, in turn, supported by decks and stringers; (d) the stiffeners support the bulkhead plating, and so on. As discussed in detail in section 4, the stiffening members are generally rolled, extruded, flanged, flat, or built-up plate sections with one edge attached to the plate they reinforced. Vertical plates often connect the bottom shell and inner bottom, stiffening both members. If oriented transversely, these plates are called floors, and if longitudinally oriented, center vertical keel or side girder, as appropriate. Stiffening members do not, of course, act independently of the plating to which they are attached. A portion of the plate serves as one flange of the stiffener, and properties such as section modulus and moment of the stiffener must reflect this. The American Bureau of Shipping (ABS) considers a width of plating equal to the stiffener spacing as effective, while Lloyd’s Register of Shipping (LR) assumes 24 in. to be effective. Stiffening members serve two functions, depending on how they are loaded. In the cases of loads normal to the plate, such as water loading on a transverse bulkhead, the stiffeners assume the load transferred from the plate. In the case of in-plane loads, such as those included in the deck by longitudinal bending of the hull girder, the beams serve to maintain the deck plating in its designed shape. If the deck beams are longitudinally oriented, they will, of course, carry the same primary stress as the plating and may contribute substantially to the hull girder strength. Pillars are used to support deck girders, longitudinal or transverse. These supports, in addition to carrying local loads from cargo, etc, serve to keep the deck and bottom from moving toward each other as a result of longitudinal bending of the hull girder. (From “Ship Design and Construction” by D’Arcangelo, 1969) Technical Terms 1. structural components 结构构件 2. strength deck 强力甲板 3. box girder 箱形梁 4. tight envelope 密闭外壳 5. longitudinal member 纵向构件 6. hull girder 船体梁 7. lower/upper flange 下/上翼缘板 8. forward/aft end 首/尾端 9. dynamic pressure 动压力 10. slamming 砰击 11. inner bottom 内底 12. hold 货舱 13. double bottom 双层底 14. hold 货舱 15. neutral axis 中和轴 16. longitudinal bending 纵向弯曲 17. longitudinal strength 总纵（纵向）强度 18. barrier 挡板，屏障 19. web 腹板 20. static water pressure 静水压力 21. impact 冲击 22. shaft strut 尾轴架 23. panel stiffness 板格刚性 24. vibration 振动 25. bulkhead 舱壁 26. diaphragm 隔壁 27. racking load 横扭载荷 28. kingpost 起重柱 29. rigidity 刚度 30. subdivision 分舱 31. sheet 薄板 32. stanchion 支柱