1. Bell. book. and candle Bell book and candle h. But in other contexts there is often no choice about whether to use a comma, for example with restrictive and unrestrictive clauses 6. METAPHORS Another area where you really have to watch yourself is with metaphors. We use a lot of them without thinking about what they really mean Words like emerging, spawning, forging, seminal, breeding, fertile engender are all metaphoric concepts so you need to be careful when using ther b. This is an area in which it is crucial to pay attention to and listen to your self. In particular, avoid mixing two clashing metaphors together indiscriminate 7. TONE Some problems come from being too elevated in speech, but there are problems with being too casual a. Dont use slang or contractions b. Writing papers is more formal than everyday speech. It is more clear, well organized and structured than ordinary speech 8. STRUCTURING AND ARGUMENT The other thing I hope you learn in this class is how to construct an argument. This is harder than the rest of the rules of writing a. You need to take the reader through step by step. It needs to come in a logical order b. The easiest way to structure an argument is to break it down into its pieces and then write your paragraphs around each piece It's easier to handle the pieces separately than to try and tackle the idea as a whole d. Putting it back together is a bit difficult, but thats the great thing about word processors; you can shift stuff around easily so that the logic of what's being said comes throughi. Bell, book, and candle ii. Bell, book and candle h. But in other contexts there is often no choice about whether to use a comma, for example with restrictive and unrestrictive clauses. 6. METAPHORS Another area where you really have to watch yourself is with metaphors. We use a lot of them without thinking about what they really mean. a. Words like emerging, spawning, forging, seminal, breeding, fertile, engender are all metaphoric concepts so you need to be careful when using them. b. This is an area in which it is crucial to pay attention to and listen to your self. In particular, avoid mixing two clashing metaphors together indiscriminately. 7. TONE Some problems come from being too elevated in speech, but there are problems with being too casual. a. Don’t use slang or contractions. b. Writing papers is more formal than everyday speech. It is more clear, well organized and structured than ordinary speech. 8. STRUCTURING AND ARGUMENT The other thing I hope you learn in this class is how to construct an argument. This is harder than the rest of the rules of writing. a. You need to take the reader through step by step. It needs to come in a logical order. b. The easiest way to structure an argument is to break it down into its pieces and then write your paragraphs around each piece. c. It’s easier to handle the pieces separately than to try and tackle the idea as a whole. d. Putting it back together is a bit difficult, but that’s the great thing about word processors; you can shift stuff around easily so that the logic of what’s being said comes through