o World Health Organization 2003 Publications of the World Health Organization can be obtained from Marketing and Dissemination, World Health bookorders@who. int). Requests for permission to reproduce or translate WHO Publications- whether for sale or for noncommercial distribution-should be addressed to Publications, at the above address(fax: +41 22 791 4806: The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any pinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, ty or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement. The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers'products does not imply that they are endorsed or commended by the World Health Organization in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Errors and omissions excepted, the names of proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters. The World Health Organization does not warrant that the information contained in this publication is complete and correct and shall not be liable for any damages incurred as a result of its use. Information concerning this publication can be obtained from: World Health Report 1211 Geneva 27. Switzerland Fax:(+4122)7914870 Copies of this publication can be ordered from: bookorders@whoint The full report was produced under the overall direction of Tim Evans (Assistant Director-General) and Robert Beaglehole(Editor-in-Chief). The principal authors were Robert Beaglehole, Alec Irwin and Thomson Prentice The other main contributors to chapters were: Chapter One: Colin Mathers, Kenji Shibuya and Claudia Stein. Chapter Two. Andrew Cassels and Michel Thieren. Chapter Three. Paul Farmer. Chapter Four, Bruce Aylward. Chapter Five: David Heymann and Mary Kay Kindhauser. Chapter Six. Ruth Bonita and Srinath Reddy (cardiovascular diseases section): Sarah Galbraith and Douglas Bettcher(tobacco control section): Margaret MacIntyre, Margaret Peden, Mark Rozenberg and Christie Vu(road traffic hazards section). Chapter Seven. Rafael Bengoa, Ties Boerma, Marie-Andree Diouf, David Evans, William Savedoff, Alaka Singh, Barbara Stilwell, Wim Van Lerberghe and Eugenio Villar Montesine Other contributors to the report were: Prerna Banati, Michel Beusenberg, Sandro Colombo, Carlos Dora, Joan Dzenowagis, Helga Fogstad, Elangovan Gajraj, Gauden Galea, Claudio Garcia Moreno, Yusuf Hemed, Alan Hinman, Alex Kalache, Rania Kawar, Michele Levin, Alan Lopez, Abdelhay Mechbal, Lembit Rago, Shekhar Saxena, Philip Setel, Cyrus Shahpar, Hans Troedsson and Alice Yang Contributors to statistical tables were: Dorjsure Bayarsaikha, Steve Begg, Christina Bernard, Dan Chisholm, Steve Ebener, Emmanuela Gakidou Yaniss Guigoz, Patricia Hernandez, Mollie Hogan, Kim Iburg, Chandika Indikadahena, Mie Inoue, Karsten Lunze, Doris Ma Fat, Takondwa Mwase, Fanny Naville, Jean-Pierre Poullier, Chalapati Rao, Darryl Rhoades, Hossein Salehi, Joshua Salomon, Angelica Sousa, Ruben M. Suarez-Berengue U Than Sein, Niels Tomijima, Nathalie Van de Maele, Sven Volkmuth, and Hongyi Xu dalo valuable input was received from Assistant Directors-General, policy advisers to the Director-General at WHO headquarters, and many techni- aff. Additional help and advice were kindly provided by Regional Directors and members of their staff. The report was edited by Barbara Campanini, assisted by Leo Vita-Finzi. Translation coordination and other administrative and production pport was provided by Shelagh Probst, assisted by Laura Pearson and Gary Walker. Proofreading was by Marie Fitzsimmons. The index was prepared by Kathleen Lyle. Front cover photographs(top row, left to right): reproduced with permission of Ming Pao, China, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; WHO/P. Viros: PhotoDisc; (bottom row, left to right: WHO/P. Virot; Photo Disc; Digital Stock/Corbis. Interior design: Steve Ewart and Marilyn Langfeld yout: Steve Ewart and Reda Sadki Printed in france 2003/15424- Sadao-45002 The World Health Report 2003 © World Health Organization 2003 All rights reserved. Publications of the World Health Organization can be obtained from Marketing and Dissemination, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland (tel: +41 22 791 2476; fax: +41 22 791 4857; email: bookorders@who.int). Requests for permission to reproduce or translate WHO publications – whether for sale or for noncommercial distribution – should be addressed to Publications, at the above address (fax: +41 22 791 4806; e-mail: permissions@who.int). The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement. The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers’ products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the World Health Organization in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Errors and omissions excepted, the names of proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters. The World Health Organization does not warrant that the information contained in this publication is complete and correct and shall not be liable for any damages incurred as a result of its use. Information concerning this publication can be obtained from: World Health Report World Health Organization 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland Fax: (+41 22) 791 4870 Copies of this publication can be ordered from: bookorders@who.int Cover design: Marilyn Langfeld Interior design: Steve Ewart and Marilyn Langfeld Layout: Steve Ewart and Reda Sadki Printed in France 2003/15424 – Sadag – 4500 The full report was produced under the overall direction of Tim Evans (Assistant Director-General) and Robert Beaglehole (Editor-in-Chief). The principal authors were Robert Beaglehole, Alec Irwin and Thomson Prentice. The other main contributors to chapters were: Chapter One: Colin Mathers, Kenji Shibuya and Claudia Stein. Chapter Two: Andrew Cassels and Michel Thieren. Chapter Three: Paul Farmer. Chapter Four: Bruce Aylward. Chapter Five: David Heymann and Mary Kay Kindhauser. Chapter Six: Ruth Bonita and Srinath Reddy (cardiovascular diseases section); Sarah Galbraith and Douglas Bettcher (tobacco control section); Margaret MacIntyre, Margaret Peden, Mark Rozenberg and Christie Vu (road traffic hazards section). Chapter Seven: Rafael Bengoa, Ties Boerma, Marie-Andrée Diouf, David Evans, William Savedoff, Alaka Singh, Barbara Stilwell, Wim Van Lerberghe and Eugenio Villar Montesinos. Other contributors to the report were: Prerna Banati, Michel Beusenberg, Sandro Colombo, Carlos Dora, Joan Dzenowagis, Helga Fogstad, Elangovan Gajraj, Gauden Galea, Claudio Garcia Moreno, Yusuf Hemed, Alan Hinman, Alex Kalache, Rania Kawar, Michele Levin, Alan Lopez, Abdelhay Mechbal, Lembit Rago, Shekhar Saxena, Philip Setel, Cyrus Shahpar, Hans Troedsson and Alice Yang. Contributors to statistical tables were: Dorjsure Bayarsaikha, Steve Begg, Christina Bernard, Dan Chisholm, Steve Ebener, Emmanuela Gakidou, Yaniss Guigoz, Patricia Hernández, Mollie Hogan, Kim Iburg, Chandika Indikadahena, Mie Inoue, Karsten Lunze, Doris Ma Fat, Takondwa Mwase, Fanny Naville, Jean-Pierre Poullier, Chalapati Rao, Darryl Rhoades, Hossein Salehi, Joshua Salomon, Angelica Sousa, Ruben M. Suarez-Berenguela, U Than Sein, Niels Tomijima, Nathalie Van de Maele, Sven Volkmuth, and Hongyi Xu. Valuable input was received from Assistant Directors-General, policy advisers to the Director-General at WHO headquarters, and many techni￾cal staff. Additional help and advice were kindly provided by Regional Directors and members of their staff. The report was edited by Barbara Campanini, assisted by Leo Vita-Finzi. Translation coordination and other administrative and production support was provided by Shelagh Probst, assisted by Laura Pearson and Gary Walker. Proofreading was by Marie Fitzsimmons. The index was prepared by Kathleen Lyle. Front cover photographs (top row, left to right): reproduced with permission of Ming Pao, China, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; WHO/P. Viros; PhotoDisc; (bottom row, left to right): WHO/P. Virot; PhotoDisc; Digital Stock/Corbis