工程科学学报，第39卷.第10期：1485-1492,2017年10月 Chinese Journal of Engineering,Vol.39,No.10:1485-1492,October 2017 D0L:10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2017.10.004;htp:/journals.ustb.edu.cn 尾矿浆沉积室内模拟试验 巫尚蔚2)四，杨春和23)，张超》，冒海军)，敬小非) 1)重庆科技学院安全工程学院，重庆4013312)重庆大学煤矿灾害动力学与控制国家重点实验室，重庆400044 3)中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所岩土力学与工程国家重点实验室，武汉430071 ☒通信作者，E-mail:wushangwei2017@163.com 摘要尾矿旷浆的沉积特性对尾矿坝的坝体结构有重要影响.为了研究尾矿浆的沉积分层特征和时间演化规律，对黏性尾 可矿浆和砂性尾矿浆进行一维沉降柱试验，讨论了尾矿沉积物的细观结构特征和分层划分依据，分析了沉积物形态与时间的关 系，并用双电层理论解释了絮凝作用对沉积特征的影响机理.结果表明：尾矿黏粒具有颗粒细小、黏土矿物成分比例高和吸 附性强的特点，在液体环境下易形成高孔隙率的絮状结构体：根据细观结构的变化，尾矿沉积层从上到下依次分为澄清区、絮 凝区、沉降区和固结区：按时间划分，可以将尾矿的沉积过程分为沉降阶段和固结阶段，黏性尾矿的沉积时间大约是砂性尾矿 的2倍：砂性尾矿的沉积时间主要由单颗粒的自由沉降速度决定，黏性尾矿浆的沉积过程可用分界面高度-时间的函数关系 来描述.研究结果揭示了尾矿浆的沉积过程和细观结构之间的联系，为尾矿浆沉积规律的预测提供了参考 关键词尾矿坝：沉降柱试验：细观结构：双电层理论 分类号TG142.7 Indoor scale-down test of tailings WU Shang-wei),YANG Chun-he2),ZHANG Chao,MAO Hai-jun,JING Xiao-fei) 1)College of Safety Engineering,Chongging University of Science and Technology,Chongqing 401331,China 2)State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Methane Drainage in Complex Coal Gas Seam,Chongqing University,Chongqing 400044,China 3)State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering,Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Wuhan 430071,China Corresponding author,E-mail:wushangwei2017@163.com ABSTRACT The sedimentary rule of tailings slurry has an important influence on dam structure.In this paper,the sediment forma- tion characteristics and evolution law of tailings slurry were investigated through a unidimensional sedimentation experiment.The meso- scopic structure and stratigraphic classification of tailings sediment were discussed,the relationship between morphology and time was analyzed,and the electric double-layer theory was used to explain the influence of flocculation on the sedimentary characteristics.The experimental results show that,compared with sand particles,clay particles are smaller in size,contain more clay minerals and have better adsorption,and form a high-porosity flocculent structure in a liquid environment.With respect to the changes in the mesoscopic structure,tailings sediment can be divided into a water zone,flocculation zone,subsidence zone,and consolidation zone.The process of sedimentation can be divided into subsidence and consolidation stages along the time axis and the deposition time of the clayey tail- ings is about twice that of sandy tailings.The sedimentation time of the sandy tailings mainly depends on the free subsidence velocity of single particles,whereas the sedimentation process of clayey tailings can be described as a function of the interface level and time. This research findings lay a theoretical foundation for correlation research of the sedimentary process and mesoscopic structure,which provide a reference for the prediction of fine-grained tailings compression deformation. 收稿日期：2017-02-04 基金项目：国家自然科学基金重点资助项目(51234004)：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51004099)：国家自然科学基金青年科学基金资助项目 (51304088):国家自然科学基金青年科学基金资助项目(51404049)：重庆市教育委员会科学技术研究资助项目(KJ1501328)工程科学学报,第 39 卷,第 10 期:1485鄄鄄1492,2017 年 10 月 Chinese Journal of Engineering, Vol. 39, No. 10: 1485鄄鄄1492, October 2017 DOI: 10. 13374 / j. issn2095鄄鄄9389. 2017. 10. 004; http: / / journals. ustb. edu. cn 尾矿浆沉积室内模拟试验 巫尚蔚1,2) 苣 , 杨春和2,3) , 张 超3) , 冒海军3) , 敬小非1) 1) 重庆科技学院安全工程学院, 重庆 401331 2) 重庆大学煤矿灾害动力学与控制国家重点实验室, 重庆 400044 3) 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所岩土力学与工程国家重点实验室, 武汉 430071 苣通信作者, E鄄mail: wushangwei2017@ 163. com 收稿日期: 2017鄄鄄02鄄鄄04 基金项目: 国家自然科学基金重点资助项目(51234004);国家自然科学基金资助项目(51004099);国家自然科学基金青年科学基金资助项目 (51304088);国家自然科学基金青年科学基金资助项目(51404049);重庆市教育委员会科学技术研究资助项目(KJ1501328) 摘 要 尾矿浆的沉积特性对尾矿坝的坝体结构有重要影响. 为了研究尾矿浆的沉积分层特征和时间演化规律,对黏性尾 矿浆和砂性尾矿浆进行一维沉降柱试验,讨论了尾矿沉积物的细观结构特征和分层划分依据,分析了沉积物形态与时间的关 系,并用双电层理论解释了絮凝作用对沉积特征的影响机理. 结果表明:尾矿黏粒具有颗粒细小、黏土矿物成分比例高和吸 附性强的特点,在液体环境下易形成高孔隙率的絮状结构体;根据细观结构的变化,尾矿沉积层从上到下依次分为澄清区、絮 凝区、沉降区和固结区;按时间划分,可以将尾矿的沉积过程分为沉降阶段和固结阶段,黏性尾矿的沉积时间大约是砂性尾矿 的 2 倍;砂性尾矿的沉积时间主要由单颗粒的自由沉降速度决定,黏性尾矿浆的沉积过程可用分界面高度鄄鄄时间的函数关系 来描述. 研究结果揭示了尾矿浆的沉积过程和细观结构之间的联系,为尾矿浆沉积规律的预测提供了参考. 关键词 尾矿坝; 沉降柱试验; 细观结构; 双电层理论 分类号 TG142郾 7 Indoor scale鄄down test of tailings WU Shang鄄wei 1,2) 苣 , YANG Chun鄄he 2,3) , ZHANG Chao 3) , MAO Hai鄄jun 3) , JING Xiao鄄fei 1) 1) College of Safety Engineering,Chongqing University of Science and Technology,Chongqing 401331,China 2) State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Methane Drainage in Complex Coal Gas Seam,Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044,China 3) State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering,Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Wuhan 430071,China 苣Corresponding author, E鄄mail: wushangwei2017@ 163. com ABSTRACT The sedimentary rule of tailings slurry has an important influence on dam structure. In this paper, the sediment forma鄄 tion characteristics and evolution law of tailings slurry were investigated through a unidimensional sedimentation experiment. The meso鄄 scopic structure and stratigraphic classification of tailings sediment were discussed, the relationship between morphology and time was analyzed, and the electric double鄄layer theory was used to explain the influence of flocculation on the sedimentary characteristics. The experimental results show that, compared with sand particles, clay particles are smaller in size, contain more clay minerals and have better adsorption, and form a high鄄porosity flocculent structure in a liquid environment. With respect to the changes in the mesoscopic structure, tailings sediment can be divided into a water zone, flocculation zone, subsidence zone, and consolidation zone. The process of sedimentation can be divided into subsidence and consolidation stages along the time axis and the deposition time of the clayey tail鄄 ings is about twice that of sandy tailings. The sedimentation time of the sandy tailings mainly depends on the free subsidence velocity of single particles, whereas the sedimentation process of clayey tailings can be described as a function of the interface level and time. This research findings lay a theoretical foundation for correlation research of the sedimentary process and mesoscopic structure, which provide a reference for the prediction of fine鄄grained tailings compression deformation