工程科学学报，第38卷，第12期：1798-1805,2016年12月 Chinese Journal of Engineering,Vol.38,No.12:1798-1805,December 2016 D0l:10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2016.12.020:http://journals.ustb.edu.cn 基于雷达信号特征点提取的结构物埋深估算方法 高永涛”，徐俊)区，王艳辉)，张院生”，谢健阳” 1)北京科技大学土木与环境工程学院，北京1000832)北京交通大学交通运输学院，北京100044 ☒通信作者，E-mail:atxujun(@l63.com 摘要为了克服经验法推算结构物埋深的缺陷，基于检测对象的雷达反射波形特征，通过提取反射波形上的少量特征点， 提出一种估算结构物埋深的新方法，并考虑实际检测中结构物反射波形的畸变，对估算精度进行分析评价.结果表明：对于 理想的无畸变检测数据，该方法对结构物埋深、水平位置及电磁波速的估算结果较为精确：当反射波形存在畸变时，该方法对 埋深的直接估算结果误差较大，平均误差达到55.202%，但对于电磁波速的估算结果较为精确：对于实测的有畸变检测数据， 可通过电磁波速估算结果及测得的目标体双程旅时对埋深进行间接估算，估算精度满足雷达法检测对埋深估算的要求。相 比经验法，该方法在估算精度、误差控制方面具有显著优势 关键词地质雷达：埋深估算：反射波形：数值计算：畸变 分类号U456:P225 Depth estimation of buried structures based on the GPR reflected waveform characteristics GA0 Yong-tao”,XU Jun'a,WANG Yan-hui,ZHANG Yuan-sheng”',XIE Jian-yang'》 1)School of Civil and Environmental Engineering,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China 2)School of Traffic and Transportation,Beijing Jiaotong University,Beijing 100044,China Corresponding author,E-mail:atxujun@163.com ABSTRACT To overcome the defects of the depth estimation of buried structures by the empirical method,a new method to estimate the depth based on the reflected waveform characteristics of buried targets was put forward by extracting few points from the reflected waveform.Accuracy analysis was performed in consideration of waveform distortion.The results show that on ideal undistorted ground penetrating radar (GPR)data,the proposed method is accurate in estimating the depth and the horizontal position of buried targets,as well as the electromagnetic wave speed.An average error of 55.202%occurs in depth estimation based on distorted waveform data even though the estimation result of wave speed is accurate as before.So the method is corrected to confirm the depth of buried targets using the estimated wave speed and the two-way travel time of the reflected wave from the structures when facing distorted GPR data, and the accuracy of estimation satisfies the requirements of the GPR method.This method is more satisfactory and robust compared with the empirical method. KEY WORDS ground penetrating radar (GPR)systems:depth estimation:reflected waveforms:numerical calculation:distortion 地质雷达在岩土工程探测中的应用日趋广泛，特结果.在使用地质雷达进行岩土工程检测时往往 别是在公路面层厚度检测、隧道衬砌检测等隐蔽性较 需要测定结构物的埋深，目标体埋深可根据电磁波传 强而又不适合进行大范围破损的检测项目时，借助地 播速度或介质相对介电常数结合目标体反射信号双程 质雷达无损检测的优势通常可以快速便捷地得到检测 旅时来计算得到.但实际岩土工程中的介质多为混合 收稿日期：201605-11 基金项目：国家青年科学基金资助项目(51504016)工程科学学报，第 38 卷，第 12 期: 1798--1805，2016 年 12 月 Chinese Journal of Engineering，Vol． 38，No． 12: 1798--1805，December 2016 DOI: 10． 13374 /j． issn2095--9389． 2016． 12． 020; http: / /journals． ustb． edu． cn 基于雷达信号特征点提取的结构物埋深估算方法 高永涛1) ，徐 俊1) ，王艳辉2) ，张院生1) ，谢健阳1) 1) 北京科技大学土木与环境工程学院，北京 100083 2) 北京交通大学交通运输学院，北京 100044  通信作者，E-mail: atxujun@ 163． com 摘 要 为了克服经验法推算结构物埋深的缺陷，基于检测对象的雷达反射波形特征，通过提取反射波形上的少量特征点， 提出一种估算结构物埋深的新方法，并考虑实际检测中结构物反射波形的畸变，对估算精度进行分析评价． 结果表明: 对于 理想的无畸变检测数据，该方法对结构物埋深、水平位置及电磁波速的估算结果较为精确; 当反射波形存在畸变时，该方法对 埋深的直接估算结果误差较大，平均误差达到 55. 202% ，但对于电磁波速的估算结果较为精确; 对于实测的有畸变检测数据， 可通过电磁波速估算结果及测得的目标体双程旅时对埋深进行间接估算，估算精度满足雷达法检测对埋深估算的要求． 相 比经验法，该方法在估算精度、误差控制方面具有显著优势． 关键词 地质雷达; 埋深估算; 反射波形; 数值计算; 畸变 分类号 U456; P225 Depth estimation of buried structures based on the GPＲ reflected waveform characteristics GAO Yong-tao 1) ，XU Jun1)  ，WANG Yan-hui 2) ，ZHANG Yuan-sheng1) ，XIE Jian-yang1) 1) School of Civil and Environmental Engineering，University of Science and Technology Beijing，Beijing 100083，China 2) School of Traffic and Transportation，Beijing Jiaotong University，Beijing 100044，China  Corresponding author，E-mail: atxujun@ 163． com ABSTＲACT To overcome the defects of the depth estimation of buried structures by the empirical method，a new method to estimate the depth based on the reflected waveform characteristics of buried targets was put forward by extracting few points from the reflected waveform． Accuracy analysis was performed in consideration of waveform distortion． The results show that on ideal undistorted ground penetrating radar ( GPＲ) data，the proposed method is accurate in estimating the depth and the horizontal position of buried targets，as well as the electromagnetic wave speed． An average error of 55. 202% occurs in depth estimation based on distorted waveform data even though the estimation result of wave speed is accurate as before． So the method is corrected to confirm the depth of buried targets using the estimated wave speed and the two-way travel time of the reflected wave from the structures when facing distorted GPＲ data， and the accuracy of estimation satisfies the requirements of the GPＲ method． This method is more satisfactory and robust compared with the empirical method． KEY WOＲDS ground penetrating radar ( GPＲ) systems; depth estimation; reflected waveforms; numerical calculation; distortion 收稿日期: 2016--05--11 基金项目: 国家青年科学基金资助项目( 51504016) 地质雷达在岩土工程探测中的应用日趋广泛，特 别是在公路面层厚度检测、隧道衬砌检测等隐蔽性较 强而又不适合进行大范围破损的检测项目时，借助地 质雷达无损检测的优势通常可以快速便捷地得到检测 结果［1--2］． 在使用地质雷达进行岩土工程检测时往往 需要测定结构物的埋深，目标体埋深可根据电磁波传 播速度或介质相对介电常数结合目标体反射信号双程 旅时来计算得到． 但实际岩土工程中的介质多为混合