Controlling for other factors,lower pesticide use was associated with adoption of GE crops: In terms of pesticide acre-treatments:reduction of 19.1 million,a 6.2 percent decrease(1997/98 data). In terms of total amount of pesticide active ingredients:reduction of about 2.5 million pounds. Adoption of HT soybeans allowed farmers to use more benign herbicides (glyphosate has lower toxicity(1/3)and persistence(1/2)than the herbicides that it replaces). ●● ●●● ●●● Controlling for other factors, lower pesticide use was associated with adoption of GE crops: ♦ In terms of pesticide acre-treatments: reduction of 19.1 million, a 6.2 percent decrease (1997/98 data). ♦ In terms of total amount of pesticide active ingredients: reduction of about 2.5 million pounds. ♦ Adoption of HT soybeans allowed farmers to use more benign herbicides (glyphosate has lower toxicity (1/3) and persistence (1/2) than the herbicides that it replaces)