1/12/2016 In biological systems,the electrons are An organic molecule is oxidized by the loss of two hydrogen atoms and NAD+is reduced associated with hydrogen atoms. .NAD+assists enzymes by accepting hydrogen ions Biological oxidations are often from the substrate dehydrogenations due to the loss of NADH is used to generate ATP in later reactions hydrogen ion Glucose contains many hydrogen atoms,are highly reduced,contains a large amoun t of potential energy,and is a valuable nutrient. Generation of ATP Generation of ATP Energy released during ADP oxidation-reduction Organisms use 3 mechanisms of phosphorylation reactions is trapped within Adenosine-一多-e-e to generate ATP from ADP the cell in the form of ATP Specifically,an inorganic ATP 1-substrate level phosphorylation phosphate group is added to 2-oxidative phosphorylation ADP with the input of 3-photophosphorylation energy or phosphorylation When the third phosphate is removed (dephosphorylation)energy 90g is released. 81/12/2016 8 • In biological systems, the electrons are associated with hydrogen atoms. • Biological oxidations are often dehydrogenations due to the loss of hydrogen ion • An organic molecule is oxidized by the loss of two hydrogen atoms and NAD+ is reduced. • NAD+ assists enzymes by accepting hydrogen ions from the substrate • NADH is used to generate ATP in later reactions NADH is used to generate ATP in later reactions. • Glucose contains many hydrogen atoms, are highly reduced, contains a large amount of potential energy, and is a valuable nutrient. Generation of ATP • Energy released during oxidation-reduction reactions is trapped within the cell in the form of ATP • Specifically, an inorganic phosphate group is added to ADP with the input of energy or phosphorylation • When the third phosphate is removed (dephosphorylation) energy is released. Generation of ATP Organisms use 3 mechanisms of phosphorylation to generate A to generate A P from ADP TP from ADP 1 – substrate level phosphorylation 2 – oxidative phosphorylation 3 - photophosphorylation