碰男华经海贸多大号 高级商务英语阅读 these dates were earlier than was originally planned.)However,even after that they will continue to be accepted by national central banks for several years,and in some states for decades hence. The earliest coins to become non-convertible were the Portuguese escudos,which ceased to have monetary value after 31 December 2002,although banknotes remain exchangeable until 2022. Although some countries are not printing the bigger banknotes such as 500 euro and 200 euro,all banknotes are legal tender throughout the Eurozone.Finland decided not to mint or circulate 1 cent and 2 cent coins,except in small numbers for collectors.All cash transactions in Finland ending in 1 or 2 cents are rounded down and 3 or 4 cents are rounded up. Eurozone membership At present the member states participating in the euro are Austria,Belgium,Finland,France, Germany,Greece,Ireland,Italy,Luxembourg,Netherlands,Portugal,and Spain.These countries are frequently referred to as the "Eurozone"or as "Euroland". Andorra,Monaco,San Marino,and Vatican City also use the euro,although they are not officially euro members,nor members of the EU.(They had previously used currencies that have been replaced by the euro.)Of these,Monaco,San Marino and Vatican City mint their own coins,with their own national symbols on the reverse.Andorra uses French and Spanish coins,since it used to use the French franc and Spanish peseta as its currencies.These countries use the euro by virtue of agreements concluded with EU member states (Italy in the case of San Marino and Vatican City,France in the case of Monaco),approved by the Council of the European Union. Montenegro and Kosovo,which used to have the German mark as their currency,also adopted the euro,although unlike the above four countries,they have not entered into any legal arrangements with the EU explicitly permitting them to do so.The countries which had their currencies fixed to the mark,such as Bulgaria and Estonia,have consequently fixed to euros.Cape Verde that had its currency fixed to the Portuguese escudo,have also fixed to euros.Since February 2,2002,the Lithuanian litas(LTL)has been repegged to euros from US dollars. Denmark and the United Kingdom were granted derogations in protocols to the Treaty on 第3页共7页高级商务英语阅读 these dates were earlier than was originally planned.) However, even after that they will continue to be accepted by national central banks for several years, and in some states for decades hence. The earliest coins to become non-convertible were the Portuguese escudos, which ceased to have monetary value after 31 December 2002, although banknotes remain exchangeable until 2022. Although some countries are not printing the bigger banknotes such as 500 euro and 200 euro, all banknotes are legal tender throughout the Eurozone. Finland decided not to mint or circulate 1 cent and 2 cent coins, except in small numbers for collectors. All cash transactions in Finland ending in 1 or 2 cents are rounded down and 3 or 4 cents are rounded up. Eurozone membership At present the member states participating in the euro are Austria, Belgium, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, and Spain. These countries are frequently referred to as the "Eurozone" or as "Euroland". Andorra, Monaco, San Marino, and Vatican City also use the euro, although they are not officially euro members, nor members of the EU. (They had previously used currencies that have been replaced by the euro.) Of these, Monaco, San Marino and Vatican City mint their own coins, with their own national symbols on the reverse. Andorra uses French and Spanish coins, since it used to use the French franc and Spanish peseta as its currencies. These countries use the euro by virtue of agreements concluded with EU member states (Italy in the case of San Marino and Vatican City, France in the case of Monaco), approved by the Council of the European Union. Montenegro and Kosovo, which used to have the German mark as their currency, also adopted the euro, although unlike the above four countries, they have not entered into any legal arrangements with the EU explicitly permitting them to do so. The countries which had their currencies fixed to the mark, such as Bulgaria and Estonia, have consequently fixed to euros. Cape Verde that had its currency fixed to the Portuguese escudo, have also fixed to euros. Since February 2, 2002, the Lithuanian litas (LTL) has been repegged to euros from US dollars. Denmark and the United Kingdom were granted derogations in protocols to the Treaty on 第 3 页 共 7 页