CONTENTS Message from the Director-General Overview Global public health threats in the 21st century Epidemic-prone diseases Foodborne diseases Accidental and deliberate outbreaks Toxic chemical accidents Radionuclear accidents xxxxⅫ Environmental disasters Global collaboration to meet threats to public health security xil Chapter summaries Chapter 1. Evolution of public health security Building on historical landmarks s chapter Plague and quarantine Cholera and sanitation Smallpox and immunization Fostering international cooperation A new code for international health security International preparedness for chemical emergencies 10 New health regulations in a vastly altered world Chapter 2. Threats to public health security 17 Human causes of public health insecurity chapter Inadequate investment 18 Public health consequences of conflict Microbial evolution and antibiotic resistance Animal husbandry and food processing Human bovine spongiform encephalopathy 24 Weather-related events and infectious diseases Other public health emergencie Sudden chemical and radioactive events Industrial accidents Natural phenomena 31Contents Message from the Director-General vi Overview viii Global public health threats in the 21st century x Epidemic-prone diseases x Foodborne diseases xi Accidental and deliberate outbreaks xi Toxic chemical accidents xi Radionuclear accidents xi Environmental disasters xii Global collaboration to meet threats to public health security xii Chapter summaries xiv Chapter 1. Evolution of public health security 1 Building on historical landmarks 2 Plague and quarantine 2 Cholera and sanitation 4 Smallpox and immunization 5 Fostering international cooperation 6 A new code for international health security 8 International preparedness for chemical emergencies 10 New health regulations in a vastly altered world 11 Chapter 2. Threats to public health security 17 Human causes of public health insecurity 17 Inadequate investment 18 Unexpected policy changes 20 Public health consequences of conflict 21 Microbial evolution and antibiotic resistance 22 Animal husbandry and food processing 24 Human bovine spongiform encephalopathy 24 Nipah virus 24 Weather-related events and infectious diseases 25 Other public health emergencies 26 Sudden chemical and radioactive events 27 Industrial accidents 29 Natural phenomena 31 1 chapter 2 chapter iii