平均成本和边际成本曲线 Average-Cost and Marginal-Cost Curves 成本曲线及其形状 Cost Curves and Their Shapes 边际成本随产量上升而上升。 Marginal cost rises with the ATC AVC amount of output produced. ◆它反映了边际产量递减的性质 This reflects the property of diminishing marginal product. 小时 成本曲线及其形状 成本曲线及其形状 Cost Curves and their shapes Cost Curves and Their shapes 平均总成本曲线为U形 The average total-cost curve is U-shaped 是级售时平均总成本很高,因为定成本分摊到仅 At very low levels of output average total cost is high cause fixed cost is spread over only a few units. ◆当产量增加时,平均总成本下降 (随后)平均总成本开始上升,因为平均可变成本大幅度 Average total cost starts rising because average variable cost rises substantiall 小时 glasses of lemonade per hour 成本曲线及其形状 成本曲线及其形状 Cost Curves and Their Shapes Cost Curves and Their Shapes U形曲线的底部出现在使平均总成 本最小的产量处。这一产量有时被 5200 称作企业的有效率规模 The bottom of the U-shape occurs at the quantity that minimizes average total cost. This quantity is sometimes called the efficient scale of the firm7 ATC AVC MC 平均成本和边际成本曲线 Average-Cost and Marginal-Cost Curves... $0.00 $0.50 $1.00 $1.50 $2.00 $2.50 $3.00 $3.50 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 产量 Quantity of Output (每小时柠檬水杯数 glasses of lemonade per hour) 成本 Costs AFC 成本曲线及其形状 Cost Curves and Their Shapes 边际成本随产量上升而上升。 Marginal cost rises with the amount of output produced. ‹它反映了边际产量递减的性质。 This reflects the property of diminishing marginal product. 成本曲线及其形状 Cost Curves and Their Shapes $0.00 $0.50 $1.00 $1.50 $2.00 $2.50 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 产量 Quantity of Output (每小时柠檬水杯数 glasses of lemonade per hour) 成本 Costs MC 成本曲线及其形状 Cost Curves and Their Shapes 平均总成本曲线为U形。 The average total-cost curve is U-shaped. ‹ 当产量很低时，平均总成本很高，因为固定成本分摊到仅 有的几单位产量上。 At very low levels of output average total cost is high because fixed cost is spread over only a few units. ‹ 当产量增加时，平均总成本下降。 Average total cost declines as output increases. ‹ （随后）平均总成本开始上升，因为平均可变成本大幅度 上升了。 Average total cost starts rising because average variable cost rises substantially. 成本曲线及其形状 Cost Curves and Their Shapes U形曲线的底部出现在使平均总成 本最小的产量处。这一产量有时被 称作企业的有效率规模。 The bottom of the U-shape occurs at the quantity that minimizes average total cost. This quantity is sometimes called the efficient scale of the firm. 成本曲线及其形状 Cost Curves and Their Shapes $0.00 $0.50 $1.00 $1.50 $2.00 $2.50 $3.00 $3.50 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 产量 Quantity of Output (每小时柠檬水杯数 glasses of lemonade per hour) 成本 Costs ATC