工程科学学报.第43卷，第5期：603-611.2021年5月 Chinese Journal of Engineering,Vol.43,No.5:603-611,May 2021 https://doi.org/10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2020.09.29.004;http://cje.ustb.edu.cn 钒资源现状及有机磷类萃取剂萃钒的研究进展 彭科波，高利坤区，饶兵，龚志辉，沈海榕，高广言，何飞，张明 昆明理工大学国土资源工程学院，昆明650093 ☒通信作者，E-mail:20030032@kust.edu.cn 摘要介绍了全球的钒资源的主要分布、储量情况及其市场供需与应用状况.从中心结构、有效基团与空间效应、离子交 换协同萃取三个方面综述了机磷（膦）类萃取剂的萃钒机理及其近年来萃钒的新型磷（膦）类萃取剂的研发与应用进展，指出 了新型磷（腾）类型萃取剂的研发、新工艺的应用以及协同萃取是目前磷（膦）类萃取剂萃钒的主要研究方向.分析了酸性磷 (膦)类萃取剂萃钒、中性磷类萃取剂萃钒和其他新型磷（膦）类萃取剂萃钒的不同萃取体系的萃钒机制.分析认为有机相的 损失，萃取和反萃钒的步骤，萃取和分离时间较长，出现乳化现象等是当前萃取钒体系普遍存在的难点.因此需要不断开发 新型高效萃取剂，发展清洁绿色萃取技术，在原萃取剂的基础上利用协同效应，探索新的萃取剂组合方式，更好地推进中国钒 工业的发展 关键词钒资源；有机磷（膦）类萃取剂：萃取：供需；湿法治金：协同萃取 分类号TF111 Current status of vanadium resources and research progress on vanadium extraction with organic phosphorus extractants PENG Ke-bo,GAO Li-kun,RAO Bing,GONG Zhi-hui,SHEN Hai-rong,GAO Guang-yan,HE Fei.ZHANG Ming Faculty of Land Resource Engineering,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming 650093,China Corresponding author,E-mail:20030032@kust.edu.cn ABSTRACT Vanadium is an important additive that is used widely in modern industries,as well as an important strategic metal. Vanadium metal elements,compounds,and alloy materials have unique and valuable properties,which have enabled great advances in the world's industries,particularly in steel,chemical,medical,petroleum,nonferrous metals,energy,construction,environmental protection,and nuclear.China not only has one of the world's largest vanadium resources but is also the largest producer and consumer of vanadium,occupying an important position in the international market.Vanadium is a rare and precious metal and is prodigiously dispersed in the earth's crust.There are only a few independent vanadium minerals.China's vanadium resources are mainly found as vanadium-titanium magnetite and stone coal.In recent years,the extraction of vanadium from stone coal has become an important project in the development of vanadium resources in China.This article introduced the main reserves and distribution channels of global vanadium resources and their market supply,demand,and application status.The focus is on the central structure of organophosphorus extractants,effective groups and steric effects,and the mechanism of synergistic extraction of vanadium via ion exchange,as well as the development and application of new phosphorus extractants for vanadium extraction.Research and development of phosphorus-based extractants,application of new processes,and collaborative extraction are currently the main research directions of phosphorus-based extractants for vanadium extraction.This article analyzed vanadium extraction mechanisms of different extraction systems using acidic phosphorus extractants,neutral phosphorus extractants,and other new phosphorus extractants.The analysis shows that the loss of the 收稿日期：202009-29 基金项目：国家自然科学基金地区科学基金资助项目(51764023)钒资源现状及有机磷类萃取剂萃钒的研究进展 彭科波，高利坤苣，饶    兵，龚志辉，沈海榕，高广言，何    飞，张    明 昆明理工大学国土资源工程学院，昆明 650093 苣通信作者，E-mail: 20030032@kust.edu.cn 摘    要    介绍了全球的钒资源的主要分布、储量情况及其市场供需与应用状况. 从中心结构、有效基团与空间效应、离子交 换协同萃取三个方面综述了机磷 (膦) 类萃取剂的萃钒机理及其近年来萃钒的新型磷 (膦) 类萃取剂的研发与应用进展，指出 了新型磷 (膦) 类型萃取剂的研发、新工艺的应用以及协同萃取是目前磷 (膦) 类萃取剂萃钒的主要研究方向. 分析了酸性磷 (膦) 类萃取剂萃钒、中性磷类萃取剂萃钒和其他新型磷 (膦) 类萃取剂萃钒的不同萃取体系的萃钒机制. 分析认为有机相的 损失，萃取和反萃钒的步骤，萃取和分离时间较长，出现乳化现象等是当前萃取钒体系普遍存在的难点. 因此需要不断开发 新型高效萃取剂，发展清洁绿色萃取技术，在原萃取剂的基础上利用协同效应，探索新的萃取剂组合方式，更好地推进中国钒 工业的发展. 关键词    钒资源；有机磷 (膦) 类萃取剂；萃取；供需；湿法冶金；协同萃取 分类号    TF111 Current  status  of  vanadium  resources  and  research  progress  on  vanadium  extraction with organic phosphorus extractants PENG Ke-bo，GAO Li-kun苣 ，RAO Bing，GONG Zhi-hui，SHEN Hai-rong，GAO Guang-yan，HE Fei，ZHANG Ming Faculty of Land Resource Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China 苣 Corresponding author, E-mail: 20030032@kust.edu.cn ABSTRACT    Vanadium  is  an  important  additive  that  is  used  widely  in  modern  industries,  as  well  as  an  important  strategic  metal. Vanadium metal elements, compounds, and alloy materials have unique and valuable properties, which have enabled great advances in the  world ’s  industries,  particularly  in  steel,  chemical,  medical,  petroleum,  nonferrous  metals,  energy,  construction,  environmental protection, and nuclear. China not only has one of the world’s largest vanadium resources but is also the largest producer and consumer of vanadium, occupying an important position in the international market. Vanadium is a rare and precious metal and is prodigiously dispersed in the earth ’s crust. There are only a few independent vanadium minerals. China ’s vanadium resources are mainly found as vanadium –titanium  magnetite  and  stone  coal.  In  recent  years,  the  extraction  of  vanadium  from  stone  coal  has  become  an  important project in the development of vanadium resources in China. This article introduced the main reserves and distribution channels of global vanadium resources and their market supply, demand, and application status. The focus is on the central structure of organophosphorus extractants, effective groups and steric effects, and the mechanism of synergistic extraction of vanadium via ion exchange, as well as the development and application of new phosphorus extractants for vanadium extraction. Research and development of phosphorus-based extractants, application of new processes, and collaborative extraction are currently the main research directions of phosphorus-based extractants for vanadium extraction. This article analyzed vanadium extraction mechanisms of different extraction systems using acidic phosphorus extractants, neutral phosphorus extractants, and other new phosphorus extractants. The analysis shows that the loss of the 收稿日期: 2020−09−29 基金项目: 国家自然科学基金地区科学基金资助项目（51764023） 工程科学学报，第 43 卷，第 5 期：603−611，2021 年 5 月 Chinese Journal of Engineering, Vol. 43, No. 5: 603−611, May 2021 https://doi.org/10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2020.09.29.004; http://cje.ustb.edu.cn