another. You can almost make the case that if a site or product relies on advertising to get the word out it isn't Web 2.0. Even much of the infrastructure of the web--indluding the Linux, Apache and Perl, PHP,ol Python code involved in most web servers--relies on the peer-production of open source, in themselves an instance of collective, net-enabled intelligence. There are more than 100, 000 open source software projects listed on SourceForge. net. Anyone can add a project, anyone can dow load and use the code, and new proje cts migrate from the edges to the center as a result of users putting them to work, an organic software adoption process relying almost entirely on The lesson: Network effects from user contributions are the key to market dominance in the web 2.0 era Blogging and the Wisdom of Crowds One of the most highly touted features of the Web 2.0 era is the rise of blogging. Personal home pages have been around since the early days of the web, and the personal diary and daily opinion column around much longer than that, so just what is the fuss all about At its most basic, a blog is just a personal home page in diary format. But as Rich Skrenta notes, the chronological organization of a blog"seems like a trivial difference, but it drives an entirely different delivery advertising and value chain. One of the things that has made a difference is a technology called Rss Rss is the most significant advance in the fundamental architecture of the web since early hackers realized that cgi could be used to create database-backed websites. Rss allows someone to link not just to a page, but to subscribe to it, with notification every time that page changes. Skrenta calls this"the incremental web. others call it the"live web Now, of course, dynamic websites"(i.e database-backed sites with dynamically generated content) replaced static web pages well over ten years ago. What's dynamic about the live web are not just the pages, but the links. A link to a weblog is and notification for each change. An Rss feed is thus a much stronger link than, say a bookmark or a link to a The architecture of Participati systems are designed t age parbcpation In hs pape, Th a brge databar. The frst, demonstra ted by Yahoo, is to pay people to doit. The to perform the same task. The Open Directory Project, an open source Yahoo competitor,istheresult.ButNapsterdemonstratedathirdway.BecauseNapster titsdetaults to automatically musicthstwasdownloaded, every user automatically helped to buld the vaue of the shared database This sameanother. You can almost make the case that if a site or product relies on advertising to get the word out, it isn't Web 2.0. • Even much of the infrastructure of the web--including the Linux, Apache, MySQL, and Perl, PHP, or Python code involved in most web servers--relies on the peer-production methods of open source, in themselves an instance of collective, net-enabled intelligence. There are more than 100,000 open source software projects listed on SourceForge.net. Anyone can add a project, anyone can download and use the code, and new projects migrate from the edges to the center as a result of users putting them to work, an organic software adoption process relying almost entirely on viral marketing. The lesson: Network effects from user contributions are the key to market dominance in the Web 2.0 era. Blogging and the Wisdom of Crowds One of the most highly touted features of the Web 2.0 era is the rise of blogging. Personal home pages have been around since the early days of the web, and the personal diary and daily opinion column around much longer than that, so just what is the fuss all about? At its most basic, a blog is just a personal home page in diary format. But as Rich Skrenta notes, the chronological organization of a blog "seems like a trivial difference, but it drives an entirely different delivery, advertising and value chain." One of the things that has made a difference is a technology called RSS. RSS is the most significant advance in the fundamental architecture of the web since early hackers realized that CGI could be used to create database-backed websites. RSS allows someone to link not just to a page, but to subscribe to it, with notification every time that page changes. Skrenta calls this "the incremental web." Others call it the "live web". Now, of course, "dynamic websites" (i.e., database-backed sites with dynamically generated content) replaced static web pages well over ten years ago. What's dynamic about the live web are not just the pages, but the links. A link to a weblog is expected to point to a perennially changing page, with "permalinks" for any individual entry, and notification for each change. An RSS feed is thus a much stronger link than, say a bookmark or a link to a single page. The Architecture of Participation Some systems are designed to encourage participation. In his paper, The Cornucopia of the Commons, Dan Bricklin noted that there are three ways to build a large database. The first, demonstrated by Yahoo!, is to pay people to do it. The second, inspired by lessons from the open source community, is to get volunteers to perform the same task. The Open Directory Project, an open source Yahoo competitor, is the result. But Napster demonstrated a third way. Because Napster set its defaults to automatically serve any music that was downloaded, every user automatically helped to build the value of the shared database. This same approach has been followed by all other P2P file sharing services