Etiology and Pathogenesis 病因和病机 Etiology l.Chronic viral hepatitis(慢性病毒性肝炎)： (HBV,HCV,HBV+HDV) 2.Long-term alcoholism(慢性酒精中毒) 3.Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH))非酒精性脂肪性肝炎) 4.Prolonged cholestasis(长期胆汁郁积)，intra--and extra--hepatic: [primary biliary cirrhosis,PBC]/[secondary biliary cirrhosis,SBC] 5.Hepatic venous outflow obstruction(肝血液循环障碍) Chronic right--sided congestive heart failure(慢性充血性心力衰 竭)；Budd-Chiari syndrome（肝静脉阻塞综合症)； Constrictive pericarditis(缩窄性心包炎)