自动化学报 38卷 透明度与图像颜色的关系,将增大算法的健壮性,适14 Zheng Y,, Kambhamettu c,yuJY, Bauer T, Steiner K 应多种类型的图像.然而,如何进行特征提取,提高 uzzy Matte: a computationally efficient scheme for 学习的有效性值得进一步研究.此外,如何通过有限 tive matting. In: Proceedings of the 2008 IEEE Con n Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. Alask 的初始样本进行学习和推理,目前也是一个挑战性 的研究课题 15 Guan Y, Chen W, Liang X, Ding Z A, Peng Q S. Easy mat ting: a stroke based approach for continuous image matting References 1 Wang J, Cohen M F Image and video matting: a 16 Levin A. Lischinski d weiss y a closed-form solution to Foundations and Trends in Computer Graphics and natural image matting. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Anal- 2007,3(2):97-175 ysis and Machine Intelligence, 2006, 30(2): 228-242 2 Smith A R. Blinn j F. Blue screen matting. In: Proceedings 17 Rhemann C, Rother C, Rav-Acha A, Sharp T. High resolu- of the 23rd ACM Conference on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques(SIGGRAPH). New Orleans, USA ceedings of the 2008 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision ACM,1996.259-268 nd Pattern Recognition. Alaska, USA: IEEE, 2008. 1-8 YY, Curless B, Salesin D H, Szeliski R 18 Chang H, Yang Q, Pan C H. An iterative Bayesian ch to digital matting. In: Proceedings Conference on Computer Vision and Patt ternational Conference on Pattern Recognition. Hong Kong Kauai, USA: IEEE, 2001. 264-271 China:IEEE,2006.122-125 19 Rother C, Kolmogorov V, Blake A."GrabCut": interac- 4 Rhemann C, Rother C, Wang J, Gelautz M. Kohli P, Rott tive foreground extraction using iterated graph cuts. ACM P. A perceptually motivated online benchmark for imag Transactions on Graphics, 2004, 23(3): 309-314 matting. In: Proceedings of the 2009 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. Miami, USA: 20 Levin A, Rav-Acha A, Lischinski D. Spectral matting. IEEE 2E,2009.1826-1833 Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence 2008,30(10):1699-1712 5 Lin Sheng-You, Pan Rui-Fang, Du Hui, Shi Jiao-Ying. A urvey on digital matting. Journal of Computer-Aided De- 1 Du ww, Urahama K. Image and video matting with sign and Computer Graphics, 2007, 19(4): 473-479 membership propagation. In: Proceedings of the 8th Asian 生佑,潘瑞芳,杜辉,石教英.数字抠图技术综述.计算机辅助设 Conference on Computer Vision (ACCV). Tokyo, Japan: 计与图形学学报,2007,19(4):473-479) Springer-Verlag, 2007. 590-600 6 Zongker D E, Werner D M, Curless B, Salesin D H. Envi- 22 Sun Li Y, Kang S B, Shum H Y. Flash matting. ACM onment matting and compositing. In: Proceedings of the Transactions on Graphics, 2006, 25(3):772-778 6th ACM Conference on Computer Graphics and Interac 23 Bleyer M, Gelautz M, Rother C, Rhemann C. A stereo ap- tive Techniques(SIGGRAPH). Los Angeles, USA: ACM that handles the matting problem via image warping. oceedings of the 2009 IEEE Conference on Compute Yeung s K, Tang C K, Brown M S, Kang B. Mattin and Pattern Recognition. Miami, USA: IEEE, 2009 and compositing of transparent and refractive objects. ACA Transactions on Graphics, 2011, 30(1): 1-13 4 McGuire M, Matusik W, Pfister H, Hughes J F, Durand F. Defocus video matting Transactions on Graphics 8. WuT P C K. Brown MS Shum h Y Natural shadow matting. ACM Transactions on Graphics, 2007, 26(2): 1-30 5 Berman A. Vlahos P, Dadourian A Comprehensive Method 9 Chuang YY. Goldman D B. Curless B. Salesin D H. Szeliski for Removing from an Image the Background Surrounding R Shadow matting and compositing. ACM Transactions on a Selected Object. U.S. Patent 6134345, October 2000 6 Ruzon M A, Tomasi C. Alpha estimation in natural images. 10 Kim J, Kim J H, Joo S H, Choi B T, Jeong I K. volume mat- In: Proceedings of the 2000 IEEE Conference on Computer ing: object tracking based matting tool. In: Proceedings of Vision and Pattern Recognition. Hilton Head. USA: IEEE. the 2010 ACM Conference on Computer Graphics and Inter- 000.18-25 active Techniques in Asia(SIGGRAPH ASIA). Seoul, South , Keriven R. Trimap segmentation for fast and user- alpha matting. Variational, Geometric, and Level 11 Xiao JJ, Shah M. Accurate motion layer segmentation and thods in Computer Vision, 2005, 3752: 186-197 atting. In: Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE Computer or sampling for ro- on and Pattern Recogni 2007 IEEE Conference ion. San Diego, USA: IEEE, 2005. 698-703 ision and Pattern Recognition. Minnesota, 12 Sun J, Jia J Y, Tang C K, Shum H Y. Poisson matting In: Proceedings of the 2004 ACM Conference on Com- 9 Riemann C. Rother C. Gelautz M. Im puter Graphics and Interactive Techniques(SIGGRAPH) ng for alpha matting. In: Proceedings of Los Angeles, USA: ACM, 2004. 315-321 Vision Conference. Leeds, UK: BMVA, 200 m 13 Wang J, Agrawala M, Cohen M F Soft scissors: an interac 30 Gastal E sL, Oliveira MM. Shared sampling for real-time ive tool for realtime high quality matting. ACM Transac- ha matting. Computer graphics Forum, 2010, 29 (2):575 tions on Graphics, 2007, 26(3): Article 91582 自 动 化 学 报 38 卷 透明度与图像颜色的关系, 将增大算法的健壮性, 适 应多种类型的图像. 然而, 如何进行特征提取, 提高 学习的有效性值得进一步研究. 此外, 如何通过有限 的初始样本进行学习和推理, 目前也是一个挑战性 的研究课题. References 1 Wang J, Cohen M F. Image and video matting: a survey. Foundations and Trends in Computer Graphics and Vision, 2007, 3(2): 97−175 2 Smith A R, Blinn J F. Blue screen matting. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Conference on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques (SIGGRAPH). New Orleans, USA: ACM, 1996. 259−268 3 Chuang Y Y, Curless B, Salesin D H, Szeliski R. A Bayesian approach to digital matting. In: Proceedings of the 2001 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recog￾nition. Kauai, USA: IEEE, 2001. 264−271 4 Rhemann C, Rother C, Wang J, Gelautz M, Kohli P, Rott P. A perceptually motivated online benchmark for image matting. In: Proceedings of the 2009 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. Miami, USA: IEEE, 2009. 1826−1833 5 Lin Sheng-You, Pan Rui-Fang, Du Hui, Shi Jiao-Ying. A survey on digital matting. Journal of Computer-Aided De￾sign and Computer Graphics, 2007, 19(4): 473−479 (林生佑, 潘瑞芳, 杜辉, 石教英. 数字抠图技术综述. 计算机辅助设 计与图形学学报, 2007, 19(4): 473−479) 6 Zongker D E, Werner D M, Curless B, Salesin D H. Envi￾ronment matting and compositing. In: Proceedings of the 26th ACM Conference on Computer Graphics and Interac￾tive Techniques (SIGGRAPH). Los Angeles, USA: ACM, 1999. 205−214 7 Yeung S K, Tang C K, Brown M S, Kang S B. Matting and compositing of transparent and refractive objects. ACM Transactions on Graphics, 2011, 30(1): 1−13 8 Wu T P, Tang C K, Brown M S, Shum H Y. Natural shadow matting. ACM Transactions on Graphics, 2007, 26(2): 1−30 9 Chuang Y Y, Goldman D B, Curless B, Salesin D H, Szeliski R. Shadow matting and compositing. ACM Transactions on Graphics, 2003, 22(3): 494−500 10 Kim J, Kim J H, Joo S H, Choi B T, Jeong I K. Volume mat￾ting: object tracking based matting tool. In: Proceedings of the 2010 ACM Conference on Computer Graphics and Inter￾active Techniques in Asia (SIGGRAPH ASIA). Seoul, South Korea: ACM, 2010. Article 42 11 Xiao J J, Shah M. Accurate motion layer segmentation and matting. In: Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE Computer Soci￾ety Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recogni￾tion. San Diego, USA: IEEE, 2005. 698−703 12 Sun J, Jia J Y, Tang C K, Shum H Y. Poisson matting. In: Proceedings of the 2004 ACM Conference on Com￾puter Graphics and Interactive Techniques (SIGGRAPH). Los Angeles, USA: ACM, 2004. 315−321 13 Wang J, Agrawala M, Cohen M F. Soft scissors: an interac￾tive tool for realtime high quality matting. ACM Transac￾tions on Graphics, 2007, 26(3): Article 9 14 Zheng Y J, Kambhamettu C, Yu J Y, Bauer T, Steiner K. FuzzyMatte: a computationally efficient scheme for interac￾tive matting. In: Proceedings of the 2008 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. Alaska, USA: IEEE, 2008. 1−8 15 Guan Y, Chen W, Liang X, Ding Z A, Peng Q S. Easy mat￾ting: a stroke based approach for continuous image matting. Computer Graphics Forum, 2006, 25(3): 567−576 16 Levin A, Lischinski D, Weiss Y. A closed-form solution to natural image matting. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Anal￾ysis and Machine Intelligence, 2006, 30(2): 228−242 17 Rhemann C, Rother C, Rav-Acha A, Sharp T. High resolu￾tion matting via interactive trimap segmentation. In: Pro￾ceedings of the 2008 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. Alaska, USA: IEEE, 2008. 1−8 18 Chang H, Yang Q, Pan C H. An iterative Bayesian ap￾proach for digital matting. In: Proceedings of the 18th In￾ternational Conference on Pattern Recognition. Hong Kong, China: IEEE, 2006. 122−125 19 Rother C, Kolmogorov V, Blake A. “GrabCut”: interac￾tive foreground extraction using iterated graph cuts. ACM Transactions on Graphics, 2004, 23(3): 309−314 20 Levin A, Rav-Acha A, Lischinski D. Spectral matting. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 2008, 30(10): 1699−1712 21 Du W W, Urahama K. Image and video matting with membership propagation. In: Proceedings of the 8th Asian Conference on Computer Vision (ACCV). Tokyo, Japan: Springer-Verlag, 2007. 590−600 22 Sun J, Li Y, Kang S B, Shum H Y. Flash matting. ACM Transactions on Graphics, 2006, 25(3): 772−778 23 Bleyer M, Gelautz M, Rother C, Rhemann C. A stereo ap￾proach that handles the matting problem via image warping. 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Improving color model￾ing for alpha matting. In: Proceedings of British Machine Vision Conference. Leeds, UK: BMVA, 2008. 1155−1164 30 Gastal E S L, Oliveira M M. Shared sampling for real-time alpha matting. Computer Graphics Forum, 2010, 29(2): 575 −584