第36卷第4期 北京科技大学学报 Vol.36 No.4 2014年4月 Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing Apr.2014 铁粉类型对铜基粉末冶金摩擦材料性能的影响 王晔”，燕青芝)四，张肖路》，葛昌纯”，赵海芹》 1)北京科技大学特种陶瓷与粉末治金研究室，北京1000832)北京瑞斯福科技有限公司，北京102200 3)南车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司，青岛266111 ☒通信作者，E-mail:qyan@us山.edu.cn 摘要采用粉末治金工艺分别制备含还原铁粉、泡沫纤维铁粉和铁合金粉的铜基摩擦材料，研究了铁粉种类对摩擦材料摩 擦磨损性能的影响.当摩擦转速从3000rmi提升至6200rmin',用还原铁粉制备的样品，其摩擦因数随速度的升高出现 严重衰退：含泡沫纤维铁粉的样品具有稳定的摩擦因数，试验范围内其波动值不超过0.024，但是磨损严重：采用铁镍合金粉 制备的样品可有效减缓高速阶段摩擦因数的衰退，高速下摩擦因数波动低于0.027.以铁铬合金粉制备的样品，其磨耗随摩擦 速度的增加几乎不发生变化，抗磨损能力最佳. 关键词摩擦材料：铜：铁粉；粉末冶金：摩擦：磨损 分类号TF125.9:TH117.1 Effect of iron-powder type on the friction and wear properties of Cu-based P/M friction materials WANG Ye”,YAN Qing--hia,ZHANG Xiao-u2》,GE Chang-thun》,ZHAO Hai-qin》 1)Laboratory of Special Ceramics and Powder Metallurgy,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China 2)Beijing Railway Star Fortune Technology Co.Ltd.,Beijing 102200,China 3)CSR Qingdao Sifang Locomotive Rolling Stock Co.Ltd.Qingdao 266111,China Corresponding author,E-mail:qzyan@ustb.edu.cn ABSTRACT Copper-based friction materials were made by powder metallurgy (P/M)from copper powder and ferrous powder, which is reduced Fe powder,spongy Fe powder,Fe-Ni alloy powder and Fe-Cr alloy powder,respectively.Their friction and wear properties were investigated by friction testing,scanning electron microscopy and microhardness measurement.When the rubbing speed increases from 3000 to 6200rmin,the friction coefficient of specimens drops greatly.For specimens with spongy Fe powder,the friction coefficient changes less than 0.024,showing a stable friction coefficient but serious wear.When ferrous powder is strengthened by nickel,the friction coefficient stability of specimens at high rubbing speed improves obviously,and the friction coefficient changes less than 0.027.Specimens with Fe-Cr powder obtain the optimum wear resistance with almost constant wear rate as the rubbing speed increases. KEY WORDS friction materials;copper:iron powder;powder metallurgy:friction;wear 铜基粉末治金摩擦材料因具有良好的导热性、的成分设计倾向于多元化和合金化的解决途 耐磨性及在不同干湿度条件下均能保持摩擦稳定 径6-0.铜铁基摩擦材料是在铜基材料的基础上， 性的突出特点，是目前广泛应用于高铁、动车系 以铁作为第二相基体，利用铁组元高强和耐磨的特 统的摩擦制动材料.为进一步提高摩擦性能，材料 点，使材料的摩擦磨损性能更加优越1-.姚萍屏 收稿日期：201302-14 基金项目：“十一五”国家科技支撑计划资助项目(2009BAG12A07) DOI:10.13374/j.issn1001-053x.2014.04.008:http://jourals.ustb.edu.cn第 36 卷 第 4 期 2014 年 4 月 北京科技大学学报 Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing Vol． 36 No． 4 Apr． 2014 铁粉类型对铜基粉末冶金摩擦材料性能的影响 王 晔1) ，燕青芝1) ，张肖路2) ，葛昌纯1) ，赵海芹3) 1) 北京科技大学特种陶瓷与粉末冶金研究室，北京 100083 2) 北京瑞斯福科技有限公司，北京 102200 3) 南车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司，青岛 266111  通信作者，E-mail: qzyan@ ustb． edu． cn 摘 要 采用粉末冶金工艺分别制备含还原铁粉、泡沫纤维铁粉和铁合金粉的铜基摩擦材料，研究了铁粉种类对摩擦材料摩 擦磨损性能的影响． 当摩擦转速从 3000 r·min － 1 提升至 6200 r·min － 1 ，用还原铁粉制备的样品，其摩擦因数随速度的升高出现 严重衰退; 含泡沫纤维铁粉的样品具有稳定的摩擦因数，试验范围内其波动值不超过 0. 024，但是磨损严重; 采用铁镍合金粉 制备的样品可有效减缓高速阶段摩擦因数的衰退，高速下摩擦因数波动低于 0. 027． 以铁铬合金粉制备的样品，其磨耗随摩擦 速度的增加几乎不发生变化，抗磨损能力最佳． 关键词 摩擦材料; 铜; 铁粉; 粉末冶金; 摩擦; 磨损 分类号 TF125. 9; TH117. 1 Effect of iron-powder type on the friction and wear properties of Cu-based P /M friction materials WANG Ye 1) ，YAN Qing-zhi 1)  ，ZHANG Xiao-lu2) ，GE Chang-chun1) ，ZHAO Hai-qin3) 1) Laboratory of Special Ceramics and Powder Metallurgy，University of Science and Technology Beijing，Beijing 100083，China 2) Beijing Ｒailway Star Fortune Technology Co． Ltd． ，Beijing 102200，China 3) CSＲ Qingdao Sifang Locomotive ＆ Ｒolling Stock Co． Ltd． ，Qingdao 266111，China  Corresponding author，E-mail: qzyan@ ustb． edu． cn ABSTＲACT Copper-based friction materials were made by powder metallurgy ( P/M) from copper powder and ferrous powder， which is reduced Fe powder，spongy Fe powder，Fe-Ni alloy powder and Fe-Cr alloy powder，respectively． Their friction and wear properties were investigated by friction testing，scanning electron microscopy and microhardness measurement． When the rubbing speed increases from 3000 to 6200 r·min － 1 ，the friction coefficient of specimens drops greatly． For specimens with spongy Fe powder，the friction coefficient changes less than 0. 024，showing a stable friction coefficient but serious wear． When ferrous powder is strengthened by nickel，the friction coefficient stability of specimens at high rubbing speed improves obviously，and the friction coefficient changes less than 0. 027． Specimens with Fe-Cr powder obtain the optimum wear resistance with almost constant wear rate as the rubbing speed increases． KEY WOＲDS friction materials; copper; iron powder; powder metallurgy; friction; wear 收稿日期: 2013--02--14 基金项目: “十一五”国家科技支撑计划资助项目( 2009BAG12A07) DOI: 10． 13374 /j． issn1001--053x． 2014． 04． 008; http: / /journals． ustb． edu． cn 铜基粉末冶金摩擦材料因具有良好的导热性、 耐磨性及在不同干湿度条件下均能保持摩擦稳定 性［1--4］的突出特点，是目前广泛应用于高铁、动车系 统的摩擦制动材料． 为进一步提高摩擦性能，材料 的成分设计倾向于多元化和合金化的解决途 径［5--10］． 铜铁基摩擦材料是在铜基材料的基础上， 以铁作为第二相基体，利用铁组元高强和耐磨的特 点，使材料的摩擦磨损性能更加优越［11--16］． 姚萍屏