上游充通大学 SHANGHAI JIAO TONG UNIVERSITY 1,War,Nation and Nation-State 16 Frequency of war,1816-2000 14 12 10 8 -Number Wars 6 4 2 0 1816-1839 1840-59 1860-79 1880-99 1900-19 1920-39 1940-59 1960-79 1980-991, War, Nation and Nation-State 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 1816-1839 1840-59 1860-79 1880-99 1900-19 1920-39 1940-59 1960-79 1980-99 Number of Wars Frequency of war, 1816 - 2000