工程科学学报，第39卷，第5期：643-654,2017年5月 Chinese Journal of Engineering,Vol.39,No.5:643-654,May 2017 D0L:10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2017.05.001;htp:/journals..usth.edu.cn 低合金钢焊接热影响区的微观组织和韧性研究进展 李秀程)，李学达2)，王学林”，夏佃秀3》，王学敏)，尚成嘉)四 1)北京科技大学钢铁共性技术协同创新中心，北京1000832)中国石油大学机电工程学院.青岛266580 3)济南大学机械工程学院，济南250022 ☒通信作者，E-mail:cishang(@usth.edu.cm 摘要对钢结构而言，诸如海洋平台、船舶、桥梁、建筑和油气管线等，焊接后的性能直接决定了其服役寿命和安全性，重要 性不言而喻.在针对焊接相关问题的研究中，焊接热影响区的韧性提升一直是重点和难点.焊接热影响区会经历高达1400 ℃的高温，从而形成粗大的奥氏体晶粒，如果焊接参数控制不当，不能通过后续冷却过程中的相变细化组织，就会造成韧性的 降低.而多道次焊接的情况更为复杂，前一道次形成的粗晶区还会在后续焊接过程中经历二次热循环，从而形成链状M-A, 造成韧性的急剧下降.本文旨在对一些现有焊接热影响区的相关研究结果进行总结，探讨母材的成分、第二相及焊接工艺等 因素对热影响区微观组织和性能的影响，为低温环境服役的大型钢结构的焊接性能改善提供一些设计思路. 关键词低合金钢：焊接：热影响区(HAZ):显微组织：M-A:韧性 分类号TG401 Research progress on microstructures and toughness of welding heat-affected zone in low-alloy steel LI Xiu-cheng,LI Xue-da,WANG Xue-lin,XIA Dian-xiu,WANG Xue-min,SHANG Cheng-jia 1)Collaborative Innovation Center of Steel Technology,University of Science and Technology Beijing.Beijing 100083,China 2)College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering,China University of Petroleum,Qingdao 266580,China 3)School of Mechanical Engineering,University of Jinan,Jinan 250022,China Corresponding author,E-mail:cjshang@ustb.edu.cn ABSTRACT The welding performance of steel structures such as offshore platforms,ships,bridges,buildings,and oil and gas pipelines directly determines the service life and safety of the structure,the importance of which cannot be minimized.In welding-re- lated research,the toughness of the welding heat-affected zone is a key issue.This zone experiences temperatures as high as 1400C. thereby causing the formation of coarse austenite grains.If the welding parameters are improperly controlled,microstructure refinement cannot be achieved by subsequent phase transformation,which results in decreased impact toughness.Multi-pass welding is even more complex,with the secondary heat input affecting the coarse-grain zone formed during the previous pass.This results in the formation of necklace-type M-A constituents,which also lead to deterioration in toughness.In this paper,the relevant research results were sum- marized with regarding the welding heat-affected zone and it was discuss that the composition of the parent material,the second phase, the welding process,and other factors effect the microstructures and properties of the heat-affected zone.This paper also offers ideas for improving the welding performance of large steel structures in low-temperature service circumstances. KEY WORDS low-alloy steel;welding;heat-affected zone (HAZ);microstructure M-A;toughness 随着我国钢铁工业的快速发展，钢材的强度等级 和EQ43级别提升到了EQ56和EQ70,管线钢从X65 在不断提升，例如海洋工程用钢的强度已经从EH36 提升到了X80,甚至X100,建筑和工程机械用钢也达 收稿日期：2016-12-19工程科学学报,第 39 卷,第 5 期:643鄄鄄654,2017 年 5 月 Chinese Journal of Engineering, Vol. 39, No. 5: 643鄄鄄654, May 2017 DOI: 10. 13374 / j. issn2095鄄鄄9389. 2017. 05. 001; http: / / journals. ustb. edu. cn 低合金钢焊接热影响区的微观组织和韧性研究进展 李秀程1) , 李学达2) , 王学林1) , 夏佃秀3) , 王学敏1) , 尚成嘉1) 苣 1) 北京科技大学钢铁共性技术协同创新中心, 北京 100083 2) 中国石油大学机电工程学院, 青岛 266580 3) 济南大学机械工程学院, 济南 250022 苣 通信作者, E鄄mail: cjshang@ ustb. edu. cn 摘 要 对钢结构而言,诸如海洋平台、船舶、桥梁、建筑和油气管线等,焊接后的性能直接决定了其服役寿命和安全性,重要 性不言而喻. 在针对焊接相关问题的研究中,焊接热影响区的韧性提升一直是重点和难点. 焊接热影响区会经历高达 1400 益的高温,从而形成粗大的奥氏体晶粒,如果焊接参数控制不当,不能通过后续冷却过程中的相变细化组织,就会造成韧性的 降低. 而多道次焊接的情况更为复杂,前一道次形成的粗晶区还会在后续焊接过程中经历二次热循环,从而形成链状 M鄄鄄A, 造成韧性的急剧下降. 本文旨在对一些现有焊接热影响区的相关研究结果进行总结,探讨母材的成分、第二相及焊接工艺等 因素对热影响区微观组织和性能的影响,为低温环境服役的大型钢结构的焊接性能改善提供一些设计思路. 关键词 低合金钢; 焊接; 热影响区(HAZ); 显微组织; M鄄鄄A; 韧性 分类号 TG401 Research progress on microstructures and toughness of welding heat鄄affected zone in low鄄alloy steel LI Xiu鄄cheng 1) , LI Xue鄄da 2) , WANG Xue鄄lin 1) , XIA Dian鄄xiu 3) , WANG Xue鄄min 1) , SHANG Cheng鄄jia 1) 苣 1) Collaborative Innovation Center of Steel Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China 2) College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao 266580, China 3) School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China 苣 Corresponding author, E鄄mail: cjshang@ ustb. edu. cn ABSTRACT The welding performance of steel structures such as offshore platforms, ships, bridges, buildings, and oil and gas pipelines directly determines the service life and safety of the structure, the importance of which cannot be minimized. In welding鄄re鄄 lated research, the toughness of the welding heat鄄affected zone is a key issue. This zone experiences temperatures as high as 1400 益 , thereby causing the formation of coarse austenite grains. If the welding parameters are improperly controlled, microstructure refinement cannot be achieved by subsequent phase transformation, which results in decreased impact toughness. Multi鄄pass welding is even more complex, with the secondary heat input affecting the coarse鄄grain zone formed during the previous pass. This results in the formation of necklace鄄type M鄄鄄A constituents, which also lead to deterioration in toughness. In this paper, the relevant research results were sum鄄 marized with regarding the welding heat鄄affected zone and it was discuss that the composition of the parent material, the second phase, the welding process, and other factors effect the microstructures and properties of the heat鄄affected zone. This paper also offers ideas for improving the welding performance of large steel structures in low鄄temperature service circumstances. KEY WORDS low鄄alloy steel; welding; heat鄄affected zone (HAZ); microstructure ; M鄄鄄A; toughness 收稿日期: 2016鄄鄄12鄄鄄19 随着我国钢铁工业的快速发展,钢材的强度等级 在不断提升,例如海洋工程用钢的强度已经从 EH36 和 EQ43 级别提升到了 EQ56 和 EQ70,管线钢从 X65 提升到了 X80,甚至 X100,建筑和工程机械用钢也达