ater Withdrawals and Desalination Water withdrawals (annual), measured in million cubic meters, refers to total water removed for human uses in a single year not counting evaporative losses from storage basins. Water withdrawals also include water from nonrenewable groundwater sources, river flows from other countries, and desalination ant Viewfulltechnicalnoteson-lineathttp:/earthtrends.wri.org/searchabledb/variablenotesstaticcfm?varid=5&themeid=2 Per capita annual Withdrawals were calculated using national population data for the year the withdrawal data were collected Viewfulltechnicalnotesonlineathttp:/earthtrendswriorg/searchabledbwariablenotesstaticcfm?varid=7&themeid=2 Withdrawals as a Percent of renewable Water resources is the proportion of renewable water resources awn on a per capita basi d in cubic meters per person per year(m/person/year). The value is calculated by dividing water withdrawals pe ita by actual renewable wate per capita: data are usually from different years. While this ratio can indicate that some countries are depleting their water resources, it does not accurately reflect localized over-extraction from aquifers and streams. In addition, the calculation does not distinguish between ground and surface water Sectoral Share of water withdrawals, expressed as a percentage, refers to the proportion of water used for one of three pur mestic uses. Sectoral Withdrawal Data may not add to 100 because of rounding. Evaporative losses from storage basins are not considered; users should keep in mind, however, that in some parts of the world up to 25 percent of water that is withdrawn and placed in reservoirs evaporates before it is used by water withdrawals are allocated to one of these three categorie Agricultural uses of water primarily include irrigation and, to a lesser extent, livestock maintenan Viewfulltechnicalnoteson-lineathttp://earthtrends.wriora/searchabledbwvariablenotesstaticcfm?varid=8&themeid=2 ated Water Production, expressed in million cubic meters, refers to the amount of water produced by the removal of salt from saline waters--usually --using a variety of techniques including reverse osmosis. Most desalinated water is used for domestic purposes technicalnoteson-lineathttp:/earthtrends.wri.org/searchabledb/variablenotesstaticcfm?varid=19&themeids Sources Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations(FAO): Water Resources, Development and Management Ser 002. AQUASTAT Information System on Water in Agriculture. Rome Availableon-lineathttp://www.fao.org/waicent/faoinfo/agricult/agl uastat/dbase/index. htm Data for Mediterranean countries were provided directly to WRI from: J. Margat, 2002. Present Water Withdrawals in Mediterranean Countries. Paris: Blue ation Data(for per capita calculations): Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat. 2002 orld Population Prospects: The 2000 Revision. New York: United Nations. Data set on CD-ROM Freshwater Fish Species Total number of freshwater fish species includes all fish catalogued by the World Conservation Monitoring Center (WCMC). The total number of known species may include introductions in some instances. Most marine fish are excluded from country totals. Figures are not necessarily comparable among e EarthTrends 2003. All rights reserved. Fair use is permitted on a limited scale and for educational purposes. 5Water Withdrawals and Desalination Water withdrawals (annual), measured in million cubic meters, refers to total water removed for human uses in a single year, not counting evaporative losses from storage basins. Water withdrawals also include water from nonrenewable groundwater sources, river flows from other countries, and desalination plants. View full technical notes on-line at http://earthtrends.wri.org/searchable_db/variablenotes_static.cfm?varid=5&themeid=2 Per capita annual Withdrawals were calculated using national population data for the year the withdrawal data were collected. View full technical notes on-line at http://earthtrends.wri.org/searchable_db/variablenotes_static.cfm?varid=7&themeid=2 Water Withdrawals as a Percent of Renewable Water Resources is the proportion of renewable water resources withdrawn on a per capita basis, expressed in cubic meters per person per year (m3/person/year). The value is calculated by dividing water withdrawals per capita by actual renewable water resources per capita; data are usually from different years. While this ratio can indicate that some countries are depleting their water resources, it does not accurately reflect localized over-extraction from aquifers and streams. In addition, the calculation does not distinguish between ground and surface water. Sectoral Share of water withdrawals, expressed as a percentage, refers to the proportion of water used for one of three purposes: agriculture, industry, and domestic uses. Sectoral Withdrawal Data may not add to 100 because of rounding. Evaporative losses from storage basins are not considered; users should keep in mind, however, that in some parts of the world up to 25 percent of water that is withdrawn and placed in reservoirs evaporates before it is used by any sector. All water withdrawals are allocated to one of these three categories. Agricultural uses of water primarily include irrigation and, to a lesser extent, livestock maintenance. Domestic uses include drinking water plus water withdrawn for homes, municipalities, commercial establishments, and public services (e.g. hospitals). Industrial uses include cooling machinery and equipment, producing energy, cleaning and washing goods produced as ingredients in manufactured items, and as a solvent. View full technical notes on-line at http://earthtrends.wri.org/searchable_db/variablenotes_static.cfm?varid=8&themeid=2 Desalinated Water Production, expressed in million cubic meters, refers to the amount of water produced by the removal of salt from saline waters--usually seawater--using a variety of techniques including reverse osmosis. Most desalinated water is used for domestic purposes. View full technical notes on-line at http://earthtrends.wri.org/searchable_db/variablenotes_static.cfm?varid=19&themeid=2 Sources Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO): Water Resources, Development and Management Service. 2002. AQUASTAT Information System on Water in Agriculture. Rome: FAO. Available on-line at http://www.fao.org/waicent/faoinfo/agricult/agl/aglw/aquastat/dbase/index.htm. Data for Mediterranean countries were provided directly to WRI from: J. Margat, 2002. Present Water Withdrawals in Mediterranean Countries. Paris: Blue Plan. Population Data (for per capita calculations): Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat. 2002. World Population Prospects: The 2000 Revision. New York: United Nations. Data set on CD-ROM. Freshwater Fish Species Total number of freshwater fish species includes all fish catalogued by the World Conservation Monitoring Center (WCMC). The total number of known species may include introductions in some instances. Most marine fish are excluded from country totals. Figures are not necessarily comparable among © EarthTrends 2003. All rights reserved. Fair use is permitted on a limited scale and for educational purposes. page 5