Frameshift mutations GIC C G AT Insertion mutation TA CGG ACIC AA T AC T Altered reading frame 个m Normal DNA T GC CITIG T TA TG T A CG GAC A AT AC Normal reading frame Deletion Deletion mutation T GIC C GIT T AIT Fi T A CIG G CIA A TA Altered reading frame by Occur in protein-encoding gene that including the reading frame If occurs in promoter region, it is not frameshiftFrameshift mutations • Occur in protein-encoding gene that including the reading frame • If occurs in promoter region, it is not frameshift