System and Software Safety Nancy G Leveson MIT Aero/Astro Dept Safeware Engineering Corp The Problem The first step in solving any problem is to understand it We often propose solutions to problems that we do not understand and then are surprised when the solutions fail to have the anticipated effect. c ￾✂✁✂✄☎✁✂✆☎✝✂✞✠✟✌☞ System and Software Safety Nancy G. Leveson MIT Aero/Astro Dept. Safeware Engineering Corp. Copyright by the author, June 2001. All rights reserved. Copying without fee is permitted provided that the copies are not made or distributed for direct commercial advantage and provided that credit to the source is given. Abstracting with credit is permitted. c ￾✂✁✂✄☎✁✂✆☎✝✂✞✠✟☛✡ The Problem The first step in solving any problem is to understand it. We often propose solutions to problems that we do not understand and then are surprised when the solutions fail to have the anticipated effect. c