9.1 Introduction Structures for buildings are required to have fire resistance of minimum duration(typically,30 minutes to 2 hours)to enable occupants to escape and to protect fire fighters. Any structure must be designed and constructed,in the case of fire,it satisfies the following requirements: load-bearing function must be maintained during the required time, development and spread of fire and smoke within the building is restricted, spread of the fire to adjacent buildings is restricted, People within the building must be able to leave the area safely or to be protected by other means such as refuge areas,the safety of fire fighters is assured. 9.1 Introduction • Structures for buildings are required to have fire resistance of minimum duration (typically, 30 minutes to 2 hours) to enable occupants to escape and to protect fire fighters. • Any structure must be designed and constructed, in the case of fire, it satisfies the following requirements:  load-bearing function must be maintained during the required time,  development and spread of fire and smoke within the building is restricted,  spread of the fire to adjacent buildings is restricted,  People within the building must be able to leave the area safely or to be protected by other means such as refuge areas, the safety of fire fighters is assured