温度 T/K S.J.T.U. 1039 大爆炸后的宇宙温度 Phase Transformation and Applications Inside hot stars 109 1038. 108 Inside the sun 0> 实验室产生的最高温 106 度10K Nuclear explosion 105 104 1013 强子物质-夸克物质相变 最低温度2×10-8K Stellar nebulae 104 1012 Melting point of iron 1010 103 109 字宙He合成 室温15℃ Melting point of ice C) Hghest known fransition temperature 108 or a superconducto 10 热核聚变温度 Nitrogen liqueties 10 Hydrogen liquefies 温室效应增加3℃，海 10 106 Outer space 105 4He becomes superfluid 平面上涨2一5米 10° -1K 10* 太阳表面温度 101 103- 102 室温 地球生物圈脆弱！ 102 10 氢的液化 1 微波背景辐射 3He becomes superfluid 103-1mK 10-1 Lowest temperature obtained for He 104 10-2 10-3 稀释致冷 Lowest temperature for 105 10-4 electrons in a metal 105 -1K 10-5 10-6 102 10-7 10-8 核自旋致冷 108 Lowest temperature obtained 10-9- for nuclei in a solid SJTU Thermodynar 109 -1 nK absolute zero 图1-9温度大观Phase Transformation and Applications S. J. T. U. SJTU Thermodynamics of Materials Spring 2010 © X. J. Jin Lecture 1 First law I 12/38 温度 实验室产生的最高温 度109K 最低温度2×10-8K 室温15℃ 温室效应增加3℃，海 平面上涨2－5米 地球生物圈脆弱！