xii PREFACE The sources have been indicated in the bibliographies of the various chapters.The interested reader can obtain much more information from these sources than I have extracted.These bibliographies also contain many references which should not and did not serve as sources.However,they have been included either because they offer additional information,because the level of presentation may be helpful to some readers,or because they may be more accessible than the original sources. I wish to express thanks to my colleagues Martin Burrow,Bruce Chand- ler,Martin Davis,Donald Ludwig,Wilhelm Magnus,Carlos Moreno, Harold N.Shapiro,and Marvin Tretkoff,who answered numerous ques tions,read many chapters,and gave valuable criticisms.I am especially indebted tomy wife Helen for her critical editing of the manuscript,xtensive checking of names,dates,and sources,and most careful reading of the galleys and page proofs.Mrs.Eleanore M.Gross,who did the bulk of the typing, was enormously helpful.To the staff of Oxford University Press,I wish to express my gratitude for their scrupulous production of this work. New York M.K. May 1972