X.F. Li et al LANT是 according to the instructions of the manufacturer( Roche Applied Flaishman, M.A. and Kamenetsky, R(2006)Florogenesis in flowe Science). Hybridization detection of the signals with alkaline phos- bulbs: classical and molecular approaches. In Floriculture, phatase was performed as described(Ludevid et al. 1992). Ornamental and Plant Biotechnology. Edited by Teixeira da Silva, LA. pp. 33-43. Global Science Books, Mikicho, Japan. Giakountis, A and Coupland, G (2008)Phloem transport of flowering Supplementary data signals. Curr. Opin. Plant BioL. 11: 687-6 Gyllenstrand, N, Clapham, D, Kallman, T and Lagercrantz, U (2007)A Supplementary data are available at PCP online. Norway spruce FLOWERING LOCUS T homolog is implicated in control of growth rhythm in conifers. Plant Physiol. 144: 248-25 Halevy, AH.(1990) Recent advances in control of fowering an growth habit of geophytes. Acta Hort. 266: 35-42. Funding Hanzawa, Y, Money, T. and Bradley, D(2005)A single amino acid converts a repressor to an activator of flowering Proc. Natl Acad. This work was supported by the Shanghai Natural Science Sci usa 102-27748-7753 the Shanghai Science Foundation [No. 10391901400 Hayama, R, Agashe, B, Luley, E, King, R. and Coupland, G(2007)A circadian rhythm set by dusk determines the expression of FT Pharbitis. Plant Cell 19: 2988-3000 Acknowledgments Helliwell, CA, Wood, CC, Robertson, M, James Peacock, w. and Dennis, ES(2006)The Arabidopsis FLC protein interacts directly We thank Dr. Zhongnan Yang(Biology Department, Life and in vivo with soc1 and FT chromatin and is part Environmental College, Shanghai Normal University, China)for high-molecular-weight protein complex. Plant 1.46:183-192. his critical comments. Hemming M.N. and Trevaskis, B (2011)Make hay when the sun shines: the role of MADS-box genes in temperature-dependent sea sonal flowering responses. Plant Sci. 180: 447-453 References Hou, C. and Yang C.H.(2009)Functional analysis of FT and TFLl orthologs from orchid(Oncidium Gower Ramsey) that regulate the Abe, M, Kobayashi, Y, Yamamoto, S, n,Y, Yamaguchi, A, productive transition. Plant Cell Physiol. 50 Ikeda, Y. et aL.(2005)FD, a bZip pro mediating signals from 1544-1557. the floral pathway integrator FT at ot apex. Science 309: Hsu, CY, Adams, J.P. Kim, H, No, K, Ma, C Strauss, S.H. et al. (2011) 1052-1056. FLOWERING LOCUS T duplication coordinates reproductive an Ahn, JH, Miller, D, Winter, V], Banfeld, MJ, Lee, J-H, Yoo, S.Y. et al. vegetative growth in perennial poplar. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA (2006)A divergent external loop confers antagonistic activity or 108:10756-10761. floral regulators FT and TFLl. EMBO ). 25: 605-614 Kamenetsky, R and Fritsch, R(2002)Ornamental alliums. In Allium Amasino, R(2010)Seasonal and developmental timing of flowering. Crop Science: Recent Advances. Edited by Rabinowitch, H.D. and Pant61:1001-1013 Currah, L pp. 459-492. CAB International, Wallingord, UK. Amasino, R.M. and Michaels, S D (2010) The timing of flowering Plant Kamenetsky, R and Rabinowitch, H.D. (2002)Florogenensis In Allium Crop Science: Recent Advances. Edited by Rabinowitch, H.D. and Blackman, BK, Strasburg JL, Raduski, AR, Michaels, S.D. and Currah, L Pp 31-58 CAB International, Wallingord, UK. Rieseberg, LH (2010) The role of recently derived FT paralogs in Kardailsky, L, Shukla, VK, Ahn, JH, Dagenais, N, Christensen, S.K. sunflower domestication. Curr. Biol. 20: 629-635 Nguyen, J.T. et al. (1999)Activation tagging of the foral inducer Bohlenius, H, Huang, T, Charbonnel-Campaa, L, Brunner, AM, FT Science 286: 1962-1965. Jansson,S, Strauss, S.H. et al. (2006)CO/FT regulatory module con- Kikuchi, R, Kawahigashi, H Ando, T, Tonooka, T. and Handa, H trols timing of flowering and seasonal growth cessation in trees. (2009)Molecular and functional characterization of PEBP genes <Ew 312:1040-1043. in barley reveal the diversification of their roles in fowering. Plant J and Coneva, V(2009)Mechanisms of floral induction in Physiol. 149: 1341-1353 something borrowed, something new. Plant Physiol. 149: Kim, D H, Doyle, M R, Sung, S. and Amasino, R.M.(2009) Vernalization: winter and the timing of flowering in plants. Annu Corbesier, L, Vincent, C, Jang, S, Fornara, F, Fan, Q Searle, L. et al. Rev. Cell Dev. Biol. 25: 277-299 (2007)FT protein movement contributes to long-distance signaling King, R.W. and Heide, OM.(2009)Seasonal flowering and ey Danilevskaya, O N, Meng, X, Hou, Z, Ananiev, EV and Simmons, C.R. 1027-1036. tion: the heritage from Charles Darwin. Funct. Plant Biol (2008)A genomic and expression compendium of the expanded Kobayashi, Y and Weigel, D (2007)Move on up, it's time for change- peBP gene family from maize. Plant Physiol. 146: 250-264 mobile signals controlling photoperiod-dependent flowering Genes Farrona, S, Coupland, G and Turck, F(2008)The impact of chroma- Dev. 21: 2371-2384. tin regulation on the floral transition. Semin. Cell Dev. Biol. 19: Komiya, R, Yokoi, S and Shimamoto, K(2009)A gene network for 560-573 ering activates RFT1 encoding a mobile flowering Faure, S, Higgins, J, Turner, A and Laurie, D A (2007)The FLOWERING signal in rice. Development 136: 3443-3450 LOCUS T-like gene family in barley(Hordeum vulgare). Genetics 176: Kong, F, Liu, B, Xia, Z, Sato, S, Kim, B M, Watanabe, S. et al.(2010) Two coordinately regulated homologs of FLOWERING LOCUS T are 280 Plant Cell Physiol. 54(2): 270-281(2013)doi: 10. 1093/pcp/pcs181 The Author 2013.according to the instructions of the manufacturer (Roche Applied Science). Hybridization detection of the signals with alkaline phos￾phatase was performed as described (Ludevid et al. 1992). Supplementary data Supplementary data are available at PCP online. Funding This work was supported by the Shanghai Natural Science Program on Key Basic Research Project [No. 09JC1405100]; the Shanghai Science Foundation [No. 10391901400]. Acknowledgments We thank Dr. Zhongnan Yang (Biology Department, Life and Environmental College, Shanghai Normal University, China) for his critical comments. References Abe, M., Kobayashi, Y., Yamamoto, S., Daimon, Y., Yamaguchi, A., Ikeda, Y. et al. (2005) FD, a bZIP protein mediating signals from the floral pathway integrator FT at the shoot apex. Science 309: 1052–1056. Ahn, J.H., Miller, D., Winter, V.J., Banfield, M.J., Lee, J.H., Yoo, S.Y. et al. (2006) A divergent external loop confers antagonistic activity on floral regulators FT and TFL1. EMBO J. 25: 605–614. Amasino, R. (2010) Seasonal and developmental timing of flowering. Plant J. 61: 1001–1013. Amasino, R.M. and Michaels, S.D. (2010) The timing of flowering. Plant Physiol. 154: 516–520. Blackman, B.K., Strasburg, J.L., Raduski, A.R., Michaels, S.D. and Rieseberg, L.H. (2010) The role of recently derived FT paralogs in sunflower domestication. Curr. Biol. 20: 629–635. Bohlenius, H., Huang, T., Charbonnel-Campaa, L., Brunner, A.M., Jansson, S., Strauss, S.H. et al. (2006) CO/FT regulatory module con￾trols timing of flowering and seasonal growth cessation in trees. Science 312: 1040–1043. Colasanti, J. and Coneva, V. (2009) Mechanisms of floral induction in grasses: something borrowed, something new. Plant Physiol. 149: 56–62. Corbesier, L., Vincent, C., Jang, S., Fornara, F., Fan, Q., Searle, I. et al. (2007) FT protein movement contributes to long-distance signaling in floral induction of Arabidopsis. Science 316: 1030–1033. Danilevskaya, O.N., Meng, X., Hou, Z., Ananiev, E.V. and Simmons, C.R. (2008) A genomic and expression compendium of the expanded PEBP gene family from maize. Plant Physiol. 146: 250–264. Farrona, S., Coupland, G. and Turck, F. (2008) The impact of chroma￾tin regulation on the floral transition. Semin. Cell Dev. Biol. 19: 560–573. Faure, S., Higgins, J., Turner, A. and Laurie, D.A. (2007) The FLOWERING LOCUS T-like gene family in barley (Hordeum vulgare). Genetics 176: 599–609. Flaishman, M.A. and Kamenetsky, R. (2006) Florogenesis in flower bulbs: classical and molecular approaches. In Floriculture, Ornamental and Plant Biotechnology. Edited by Teixeira da Silva, J.A. pp. 33–43. Global Science Books, Mikicho, Japan. Giakountis, A. and Coupland, G. (2008) Phloem transport of flowering signals. Curr. Opin. Plant Biol. 11: 687–694. Gyllenstrand, N., Clapham, D., Kallman, T. and Lagercrantz, U. (2007) A Norway spruce FLOWERING LOCUS T homolog is implicated in control of growth rhythm in conifers. Plant Physiol. 144: 248–257. Halevy, A.H. (1990) Recent advances in control of flowering and growth habit of geophytes. Acta Hort. 266: 35–42. Hanzawa, Y., Money, T. and Bradley, D. (2005) A single amino acid converts a repressor to an activator of flowering. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 102: 7748–7753. Hayama, R., Agashe, B., Luley, E., King, R. and Coupland, G. (2007) A circadian rhythm set by dusk determines the expression of FT homologs and the short-day photoperiodic flowering response in Pharbitis. Plant Cell 19: 2988–3000. Helliwell, C.A., Wood, C.C., Robertson, M., James Peacock, W. and Dennis, E.S. (2006) The Arabidopsis FLC protein interacts directly in vivo with SOC1 and FT chromatin and is part of a high-molecular-weight protein complex. Plant J. 46: 183–192. Hemming, M.N. and Trevaskis, B. (2011) Make hay when the sun shines: the role of MADS-box genes in temperature-dependent sea￾sonal flowering responses. Plant Sci. 180: 447–453. Hou, C.J. and Yang, C.H. (2009) Functional analysis of FT and TFL1 orthologs from orchid (Oncidium Gower Ramsey) that regulate the vegetative to reproductive transition. Plant Cell Physiol. 50: 1544–1557. Hsu, C.Y., Adams, J.P., Kim, H., No, K., Ma, C., Strauss, S.H. et al. (2011) FLOWERING LOCUS T duplication coordinates reproductive and vegetative growth in perennial poplar. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 108: 10756–10761. Kamenetsky, R. and Fritsch, R. (2002) Ornamental alliums. In Allium Crop Science: Recent Advances. Edited by Rabinowitch, H.D. and Currah, L. pp. 459–492. CAB International, Wallingord, UK. Kamenetsky, R. and Rabinowitch, H.D. (2002) Florogenensis. In Allium Crop Science: Recent Advances. Edited by Rabinowitch, H.D. and Currah, L. pp. 31–58. CAB International, Wallingord, UK. Kardailsky, I., Shukla, V.K., Ahn, J.H., Dagenais, N., Christensen, S.K., Nguyen, J.T. et al. (1999) Activation tagging of the floral inducer FT. Science 286: 1962–1965. Kikuchi, R., Kawahigashi, H., Ando, T., Tonooka, T. and Handa, H. (2009) Molecular and functional characterization of PEBP genes in barley reveal the diversification of their roles in flowering. Plant Physiol. 149: 1341–1353. Kim, D.H., Doyle, M.R., Sung, S. and Amasino, R.M. (2009) Vernalization: winter and the timing of flowering in plants. Annu. Rev. Cell Dev. Biol. 25: 277–299. King, R.W. and Heide, O.M. (2009) Seasonal flowering and evolu￾tion: the heritage from Charles Darwin. Funct. Plant Biol. 36: 1027–1036. Kobayashi, Y. and Weigel, D. (2007) Move on up, it’s time for change— mobile signals controlling photoperiod-dependent flowering. Genes Dev. 21: 2371–2384. Komiya, R., Yokoi, S. and Shimamoto, K. (2009) A gene network for long-day flowering activates RFT1 encoding a mobile flowering signal in rice. Development 136: 3443–3450. Kong, F., Liu, B., Xia, Z., Sato, S., Kim, B.M., Watanabe, S. et al. (2010) Two coordinately regulated homologs of FLOWERING LOCUS T are 280 Plant Cell Physiol. 54(2): 270–281 (2013) doi:10.1093/pcp/pcs181 ! The Author 2013. X.-F. Li et al. at East China Normal University on June 3, 2013 http://pcp.oxfordjournals.org/ Downloaded from