Lesson five General arrangement 1.1 Definition The general arrangement of a ship can be defined as the assignment of spaces for all the required functions and equipment, properly coordinated for location and access. Four consecutive steps characterize general arrangement; namely, allocation of main spaces, setting individual space boundaries, choosing and locating equipment and furnishing within boundaries, and providing interrelated access. These steps progress from overall to detail considerations, although there is some overlapping. Generally, particular arrangement plans are prepared for conceptual, preliminary, contract, and working plan stages. The data for early stages come into first experience, and the degree of detail increases as the design progresses It has often been said that ship design is inevitably a compromise between various conflicting requirements, and it is in formulation of the general arrangement that most of the compromises are made. Ship design requires a melding of many arts and sciences, and most of this melding occurs in the general arrangement. The designer considers the demands for all the functions and ubfunctions of the ship, balances the relative types and importance of the demands, and attempts to arrive at an optimum coordinate relationship of the space assignments within the ship hull. The general arrangement, then, represents a summary or integration of information from other divisions and specialties in the ship design, to provide all the necessary functions of the ship in the most efficient and economical way from an overall viewpoint The efficient operation of a ship depends upon the proper arrangement of each separate space and the most effective interrelationships between all spaces. It is important that the general arrangement be functionally and economically developed with respect to factors that affect both the construction and operation cost, especially the manpower required to operate the ship many other divisions of ship design provide the feed-in for the general arrangement, such as structure, hull engineering(hatch covers, cargo handling, etc), scientific (weights, stability, and lines engineering(machinery, uptakes), and specifications 1. 2 Function of ship In this chapter, consideration of ship type is restricted to those whose function is to transport something for economic profit; in other words, commercial transportation. Such ship types may be abdivided in accordance with material to be transported; e.g, general cargo, bulk cargo, vehicles passengers, etc. General cargo ships may further be subdivided in accordance with the form in which the general cargo is transported; e.g. break-bulk, containers, standardized pallets, oll-on/roll-off, etc. Bulk cargo ships may be subdivided into liquid bulk types and solid bulk types, or combinations of these, and, of course, may be further subdivided for specific liquids and solid bulks. Vehicle ships would include ferryboats and ships for the transoceanic delivery of automobiles, trucks, etc. Passengers can be carried in ships designed primarily for that purpose, as well as in any of the aforementioned types. Therefore, even after ship types are limited to those for Commercial transportation, they can have widely diverse functions. However, the common objective of the general arrangement in each case is to fulfill the function of the ship n the most economical manner; in other words develop a ship which will transport cargo at the least unit cost This dual aspect of function cost is actually the force which has give rise to special ship types, many of which have been created in the last few years. The reason for this may be seen in a comparative annual cost break-bulk cargo ship fleet and a container ship fleet designed to carryLesson Five General Arrangement 1.1 Definition The general arrangement of a ship can be defined as the assignment of spaces for all the required functions and equipment, properly coordinated for location and access. Four consecutive steps characterize general arrangement; namely, allocation of main spaces, setting individual space boundaries, choosing and locating equipment and furnishing within boundaries, and providing interrelated access. These steps progress from overall to detail considerations, although there is some overlapping. Generally, particular arrangement plans are prepared for conceptual, preliminary, contract, and working plan stages. The data for early stages come into first experience, and the degree of detail increases as the design progresses. It has often been said that ship design is inevitably a compromise between various conflicting requirements, and it is in formulation of the general arrangement that most of the compromises are made. Ship design requires a melding of many arts and sciences, and most of this melding occurs in the general arrangement. The designer considers the demands for all the functions and subfunctions of the ship, balances the relative types and importance of the demands, and attempts to arrive at an optimum coordinate relationship of the space assignments within the ship hull. The general arrangement, then, represents a summary or integration of information from other divisions and specialties in the ship design, to provide all the necessary functions of the ship in the most efficient and economical way from an overall viewpoint. The efficient operation of a ship depends upon the proper arrangement of each separate space and the most effective interrelationships between all spaces. It is important that the general arrangement be functionally and economically developed with respect to factors that affect both the construction and operation cost, especially the manpower required to operate the ship. Many other divisions of ship design provide the feed-in for the general arrangement, such as structure, hull engineering (hatch covers, cargo handling, etc), scientific (weights, stability, and lines), engineering (machinery, uptakes), and specifications. 1.2 Function of ship In this chapter, consideration of ship type is restricted to those whose function is to transport something for economic profit; in other words, commercial transportation. Such ship types may be subdivided in accordance with material to be transported; e.g., general cargo, bulk cargo, vehicles, passengers, etc. General cargo ships may further be subdivided in accordance with the form in which the general cargo is transported; e.g. break-bulk, containers, standardized pallets, roll-on/roll-off, etc. Bulk cargo ships may be subdivided into liquid bulk types and solid bulk types, or combinations of these, and, of course, may be further subdivided for specific liquids and solid bulks. Vehicle ships would include ferryboats and ships for the transoceanic delivery of automobiles, trucks, etc. Passengers can be carried in ships designed primarily for that purpose, as well as in any of the aforementioned types. Therefore, even after ship types are limited to those for Commercial transportation, they can have widely diverse functions. However, the common objective of the general arrangement in each case is to fulfill the function of the ship n the most economical manner; in other words develop a ship which will transport cargo at the least unit cost. This dual aspect of function cost is actually the force which has give rise to special ship types, many of which have been created in the last few years .The reason for this may be seen in a comparative annual cost break-bulk cargo ship fleet and a container ship fleet designed to carry