H 2 87G Accelerating universe a/ a 4(+3p)>0 Negative pressure W三 <-1/3 Cosmological Constant(Einstein 1917) Rour+ Aguy=-87GTHv v 8G(T+ v 8zg A A A UV(A) dIG v 87G guv=p No perturbation1/ 3 / ( 3 ) 0 3 4 3 2 8 =  − = − +  =      p w a a p H G G  Accelerating universe Negative pressure R  Rg   g  8G T  2 1 − +  = − ) 8 8 ( 2 1           g G R Rg G T  − = − +      g G T 8 ( )   =  = −   = g p G     8 w = −1 1, Cosmological Constant (Einstein 1917) No perturbation