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王智权等:终轧温度对6O0MP级高钛高成型性铁素体-珠光体酸洗带钢组织与织构的影响 ·105· 600 MPa grade high-titanium high-formability ferrite-pearlite steel with differential FDT were investigated by scanning electron microsco- py and electron backscatter diffraction techniques.The results reveal that its microstructure comprises ferrite and pearlite irrespective of FDT,but increases in the FTD cause an increase in the high-angle grain-boundary density.The primary microstructure is ferrite in both these samples,with a small amount of pearlite dispersed between the ferrite grains.The texture dramatically changes with elevated FDT.The intensity of all the textures significantly increases as the FDT increases from 850C to 875 C,with the transformation of a large amount of apparent near-y textures,which is beneficial to formability.The intensities of near-a texture and y texture are low in the sample with an FDT of 850 C,wherein the primary textures include 001 [110],113[471],11[110],and 223 [110].The intensity of the textures disadvantageous for formability is stronger than that of the advantageous textures in the sample with a lower FDT,which constrains formability and should be avoided.A positive change was observed in the textures as the FDT increased to 875 C.A strong near-y texture was transformed in the steel that was finally rolled at 875 C,and its fraction increased to 41%from 19.9%at 850C.A strong001[110]rotated cubic texture also occurred in the 875 C finally rolled steel,which is bad for form- ability.However,superior formability can be guaranteed in general as the transformation of more advantageous textures than disadvanta- geous textures was observed. KEY WORDS hot rolled pickling steel;finishing delivery temperature;microstructure;texture;high angle grain boundary:form- ability 汽车用钢要求具有良好的冲压成型性能,通过 注,为降低生产过程中的能耗,需尽可能的降低固溶 发展平行于轧制面的[111]织构,获得较高的塑性 温度及热轧温度.本文在设计终轧温度范围时,没 应变比(材料在冲压成型时宽度上的应变值与厚 有设计更高的900℃常规终到温度,而是尽可能地 度上的应变值之比,用于衡量材料冲压成型时的成 去降低终轧温度,探究在更低的终轧温度范围内终 型性能,一般要求其值越大越好),可以得到良好的 轧温度对热轧织构的影响规律及降低终轧温度在技 成型性).大角晶界是影响成型性能的另一重要因 术上是否可行,理清终轧温度对成型性能的影响,以 素,大角晶界密度的提高能显著提高钢板的止裂能 便更好的为获得所需性能提供工艺制定依据. 力.Morito等系统研究了大角品界对裂纹扩展的影 1实验方法 响,结果表明,只有大于45°角的晶界才能有效偏折 裂纹,提高止裂能力.影响热轧织构的因素主要有 实验钢种为600MPa级高强高成型酸洗带钢, 化学成分、终轧温度、轧制速度与轧后冷速[2-川,其 所取钢板来自于工业试验,化学成分如表1所示. 中以终轧温度对热轧织构的影响程度最大.以往的 表1实验钢板的化学成分(质量分数) 研究多集中在管线钢和F钢,且不同的研究结果有 Table 1 Chemical composition of experimental steels 不同的结论.Jonas与Wittridge研究了碳元素质量 C Si Mn S Nb T 分数为0.2%的碳素钢在870℃和1020℃终时的 0.02-0.05≤0.501.00-1.600.0100.01~0.07002~0.07 织构情况,发现在终轧温度降低时热轧最终织构得 到了增强),贾明霞的研究也得出了类似结论[): 通过计算,实验钢板的全固溶温度为1147℃, 将铸坯加热到1100~1300℃之间,通过粗轧机将其 而T6h等通过对一种F钢的研究,发现终轧温度 轧制到适宜的中间坯厚度,粗轧出口温度控制在适 升高时热轧最终织构也会增强[).王新宇等的研 宜的温度范围.本文终轧温度分别控制在850℃和 究结果表明,添加有一定量T的取向硅钢中的成型 875℃,按适宜的卷曲温度进行卷曲,精轧完成后进 有利织构111}[112]组分会增多9).目前,对于高 行平整及酸洗,之后在板宽1/4处取金相样和电子 强高成型性酸洗汽车结构钢的织构研究较少,而以 背散射衍射技术(EBsD)样,规格均为20mm(纵向)× 往对于管线钢及F钢的研究结果又相互矛盾,以往 10mm(横向)×H(板厚).用砂纸对纵截面逐级打 的研究结果对于高强高T铁素体-珠光体型酸洗汽 磨,抛光,使所测表面平整、光亮.用4%体积分数的 车结构钢的工艺制定仅构成参考 HNO,乙醇溶液浸蚀得到金相组织,用扫描电子显微 本文采用高Ti含量设计,以高强高T铁素体- 镜进行组织观察:用体积分数15%HCI0,+85%C2 珠光体型酸洗汽车结构钢为研究对象,全新设计了 H,OH溶液对电子背散射衍射技术(EBSD)样品进 工艺,研究了不同终轧温度时的组织、大角晶界及织 行电解抛光,抛光电压为12V,抛光电流为0.8A,抛 构的演变规律.随着国家对节能减排方面的日益关 光完成后进行电子背散射衍射技术(EBSD)扫描,王智权等: 终轧温度对 600 MPa 级高钛高成型性铁素体鄄鄄珠光体酸洗带钢组织与织构的影响 600 MPa grade high鄄titanium high鄄formability ferrite鄄pearlite steel with differential FDT were investigated by scanning electron microsco鄄 py and electron backscatter diffraction techniques. The results reveal that its microstructure comprises ferrite and pearlite irrespective of FDT, but increases in the FTD cause an increase in the high鄄angle grain鄄boundary density. The primary microstructure is ferrite in both these samples, with a small amount of pearlite dispersed between the ferrite grains. The texture dramatically changes with elevated FDT. The intensity of all the textures significantly increases as the FDT increases from 850 益 to 875 益 , with the transformation of a large amount of apparent near鄄酌 textures, which is beneficial to formability. The intensities of near鄄琢 texture and 酌 texture are low in the sample with an FDT of 850 益 , wherein the primary textures include {001} [110], {113} [47 - 1], {114} [11 - 0], and {223} [11 - 0]. The intensity of the textures disadvantageous for formability is stronger than that of the advantageous textures in the sample with a lower FDT, which constrains formability and should be avoided. A positive change was observed in the textures as the FDT increased to 875 益 . A strong near鄄酌 texture was transformed in the steel that was finally rolled at 875 益 , and its fraction increased to 41% from 19郾 9% at 850 益 . A strong {001}[110] rotated cubic texture also occurred in the 875 益 finally rolled steel, which is bad for form鄄 ability. However, superior formability can be guaranteed in general as the transformation of more advantageous textures than disadvanta鄄 geous textures was observed. KEY WORDS hot rolled pickling steel; finishing delivery temperature; microstructure; texture; high angle grain boundary; form鄄 ability 汽车用钢要求具有良好的冲压成型性能,通过 发展平行于轧制面的[111] 织构,获得较高的塑性 应变比 r(材料在冲压成型时宽度上的应变值与厚 度上的应变值之比,用于衡量材料冲压成型时的成 型性能,一般要求其值越大越好),可以得到良好的 成型性[1] . 大角晶界是影响成型性能的另一重要因 素,大角晶界密度的提高能显著提高钢板的止裂能 力. Morito 等系统研究了大角晶界对裂纹扩展的影 响,结果表明,只有大于 45毅角的晶界才能有效偏折 裂纹,提高止裂能力. 影响热轧织构的因素主要有 化学成分、终轧温度、轧制速度与轧后冷速[2鄄鄄11] ,其 中以终轧温度对热轧织构的影响程度最大. 以往的 研究多集中在管线钢和 IF 钢,且不同的研究结果有 不同的结论. Jonas 与 Wittridge 研究了碳元素质量 分数为 0郾 2% 的碳素钢在 870 益和 1020 益终轧时的 织构情况,发现在终轧温度降低时热轧最终织构得 到了增强[12] ,贾明霞的研究也得出了类似结论[13] ; 而 T佼th 等通过对一种 IF 钢的研究,发现终轧温度 升高时热轧最终织构也会增强[14] . 王新宇等的研 究结果表明,添加有一定量 Ti 的取向硅钢中的成型 有利织构{111}[112]组分会增多[9] . 目前,对于高 强高成型性酸洗汽车结构钢的织构研究较少,而以 往对于管线钢及 IF 钢的研究结果又相互矛盾,以往 的研究结果对于高强高 Ti 铁素体鄄鄄珠光体型酸洗汽 车结构钢的工艺制定仅构成参考. 本文采用高 Ti 含量设计,以高强高 Ti 铁素体鄄鄄 珠光体型酸洗汽车结构钢为研究对象,全新设计了 工艺,研究了不同终轧温度时的组织、大角晶界及织 构的演变规律. 随着国家对节能减排方面的日益关 注,为降低生产过程中的能耗,需尽可能的降低固溶 温度及热轧温度. 本文在设计终轧温度范围时,没 有设计更高的 900 益 常规终轧温度,而是尽可能地 去降低终轧温度,探究在更低的终轧温度范围内终 轧温度对热轧织构的影响规律及降低终轧温度在技 术上是否可行,理清终轧温度对成型性能的影响,以 便更好的为获得所需性能提供工艺制定依据. 1 实验方法 实验钢种为 600 MPa 级高强高成型酸洗带钢, 所取钢板来自于工业试验,化学成分如表 1 所示. 表 1 实验钢板的化学成分(质量分数) Table 1 Chemical composition of experimental steels % C Si Mn S Nb Ti 0郾 02 ~0郾 05 臆0郾 50 1郾 00 ~1郾 60 臆0郾 010 0郾 01 ~0郾 07 0郾 02 ~0郾 07 通过计算,实验钢板的全固溶温度为 1147 益 , 将铸坯加热到 1100 ~ 1300 益之间,通过粗轧机将其 轧制到适宜的中间坯厚度,粗轧出口温度控制在适 宜的温度范围. 本文终轧温度分别控制在 850 益 和 875 益 ,按适宜的卷曲温度进行卷曲,精轧完成后进 行平整及酸洗,之后在板宽 1 / 4 处取金相样和电子 背散射衍射技术(EBSD)样,规格均为 20 mm(纵向) 伊 10 mm(横向) 伊 H(板厚). 用砂纸对纵截面逐级打 磨,抛光,使所测表面平整、光亮. 用 4% 体积分数的 HNO3乙醇溶液浸蚀得到金相组织,用扫描电子显微 镜进行组织观察;用体积分数 15% HClO4 + 85% C2 H5OH 溶液对电子背散射衍射技术(EBSD)样品进 行电解抛光,抛光电压为 12 V,抛光电流为 0郾 8 A,抛 光完成后进行电子背散射衍射技术(EBSD) 扫描, ·105·
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