The new dimension of growth in an intellectual, spiritual, or artistic sense is also feasible -e.g. multi-faceted values of country parks Nowadays, ecological limits refer to the assimilative capacity of the environment to accept wastes, than to limits of resource supply (6) Individual versus collective interests Ism -a basic tenet of the political economic arangement of western cultures. It is epitomized by our automobile culture, our attitudes to land tenure, our preference for small household units 'In contrast, many concerned about the global ecological future call for mass public transport, a shift in attitudes to land from ownership to stewardship, changes in household size and structure .Environmental issues are actually collective problems, arising from the sum of individual preferences consumption. Those who consume little will bear the costs of total consumption just as much as those who consume a great deal. So the tensions between individual broader goals will develop .This tension also exists internationally, as in per capita overall energy consumption (7)Is optimization antisustainability? Optimization to make the best use of resources, in response to population growth increased per capita consumption growth. It also increases waste production .The critical result of optimization is to view any unused resources as a waste hence to expand use to the limit Fuller fuller use of resources is a moral survival imperative for those who lack basic needs. In this case, spare capacity is limited antisustainability (8)Humility versus Arrogance .Despite an ever-increasing quantity of information, our comprehension of the global environment is characterized by uncertainty (e. g climate change, biodiversity ) Current policymaking processes are not good at recognizing with une We need humility to -maintain an open mind on new knowledge experience -isten to new ideas leaders -remain flexible to deal with new circumstances oWe also need arrogance to make decisions in face of this uncertainty. For instance, many reforms are advisable even though uncertainty exists for the costs and benefits of action over greenhouse gases emissions -represents the traditional format of ethical inquiry, i.e. human interests or well-being. It seeks such things as sustainable society, sustainable food production, sustainable economic development that are closely related to human welfare. It also represents a moral responsibility of people with respect to other people Nonanthropocentrism -it shifts the emphasis from strict consideration of human interests to nonhuman interests. It represents a moral responsibility of people with respect to the environment(or biotic community), and not with respect to other people .The rise of nonanthropocenmtrism is because anthropocentrism is believed to be the cause of our current environmental problems, hence is unecological threatens the stability of life on Earth Nonetheless, the anthropocentric perspective still dominates the paradigm of sustainable development because many consider nonanthropocentrism unrealistic or too abstract THE END3 •The new dimension of growth in an intellectual, spiritual, or artistic sense is also feasible –e.g. multi-faceted values of country parks •Nowadays, ecological limits refer to the assimilative capacity of the environment to accept wastes, than to limits of resource supply. (6) Individual versus collective interests •Individualism –a basic tenet of the political & economic arrangement of western cultures. It is epitomized by our automobile culture, our attitudes to land tenure, & our preference for small household units. •In contrast, many concerned about the global ecological future call for mass public transport, a shift in attitudes to land from ownership to stewardship, & changes in household size and structure. •Environmental issues are actually collective problems, arising from the sum of individual preferences & consumption. Those who consume little will bear the costs of total consumption just as much as those who consume a great deal. So the tensions between individual & broader goals will develop •This tension also exists internationally, as in per capita & overall energy consumption. (7) Is optimization antisustainability? •Optimization –to make the best use of resources, in response to population growth & increased per capita consumption growth. It also increases waste production. •The critical result of optimization is to view any unused resources as a waste, hence to expand use to the limit. Fuller & fuller use of resources is a moral & survival imperative for those who lack basic needs. In this case, spare capacity is limited & antisustainability. (8) Humility versus Arrogance •Despite an ever-increasing quantity of information, our comprehension of the global environment is characterized by uncertainty (e.g. climate change, biodiversity). Current policymaking processes are not good at recognizing & coping with uncertainty. •We need humility to –maintain an open mind on new knowledge & experience –listen to new ideas & leaders –remain flexible to deal with new circumstances. •We also need arrogance to make decisions in face of this uncertainty. For instance, many reforms are advisable even though uncertainty exists for the costs and benefits of action over greenhouse gases emissions (9) Anthropocentric approach versus non-anthropocentric approach •Anthropocentrism –represents the traditional format of ethical inquiry, i.e. human interests or well-being. It seeks such things as sustainable society, sustainable food production, & sustainable economic development that are closely related to human welfare. It also represents a moral responsibility of people with respect to other people. •Nonanthropocentrism –it shifts the emphasis from strict consideration of human interests to nonhuman interests. It represents a moral responsibility of people with respect to the environment (or biotic community), and not with respect to other people. •The rise of nonanthropocentrism is because anthropocentrism is believed to be the cause of our current environmental problems, hence is unecological & threatens the stability of life on Earth. •Nonetheless, the anthropocentric perspective still dominates the paradigm of sustainable development because many consider nonanthropocentrism unrealistic or too abstract. THE END