Clinical anatomy and physiological functions of the larynx: Recognizing cartilage framework of the larynx(the role and clinical significance of cricoid cartilage ), laryngeal muscles, structure of the laryngeal cavity(supraglottic, glottic and infraglottic portion), nerves and lymph nodes of the larynx. Recognizing the anatomical features and clinical significance of the larynx children. Recognizing the physiological functions of the larynx. 2. Examination of the larynx: Recognizing indirect laryngoscopy. Knowing direct laryngoscopy, fibrolaryngoscopy, microlaryngoscopy, strobolaryngoscope, investigation methods of laryngeal functions and imaging studies of the larynx 3. Inflammation of: Recognizing the clinical manifestations diagnosis and treatment of acute laryngitis, chronic laryngitis, acute laryngitis in children and acute epiglottitis. Knowing the difference of chronic laryngitis from polyp of vocal cord, vocal nodules and hysterical aphonia and the prevention and treatment algorithm 4. Injuries of the larynx: Recognizing the clinical manifestations and salvage measures of contusion, cutting and burning injuries of the larynx. Knowing the diagnosis and treatment of stenosis of the larynx 5. Mastering the etiology, clinical manifestations, differential diagnosis and management of laryngeal obstruction. Recognizing the indications, surgical procedures and common complications of tracheotomy 6. Neural disorders of the larynx: Knowing the clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment algorithm of laryngeal paralysis 7. Tumors of larynx and neck: Recognizing the clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment algorithm of laryngeal papilloma. Mastering the clinical manifestations, differential diagnosis and management of laryngeal carcinoma. Knowing the clinical manifestations and treatment algorithm of thyroglossal duct cyst, ectopic thyroid gland and cervical lymph node metastases Clinical anatomy and physiology of the larynx Cartilage framework of the larynx. Composition of laryngeal muscles. Structure of laryngeal cavity: supraglottic, glottic and infraglottic portion. Blood vessels, nerves and lymph nodes of the larynx. Anatomical features and clinical significance of the larynx in children. Physiological functions of the larynx: respiration, phonation, protection and holding breath 2. Examination of the larynx Indirect laryngoscopy, direct laryngoscopy, fibrolaryngoscopy, microlaryngoscopy, strobolaryngoscope, and investigation of laryngeal function 3. Injuries of the larynx The etiology, clinical manifestations and treatment of contusion of the larynx. The etiology clinical manifestations and treatment of cutting injury of the larynx. The etiology, clinical manifestations and treatment of scald, burning injury of the larynx. The etiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment of stenosis of the larynx Acute inflammatory disorders of the larynx1. Clinical anatomy and physiological functions of the larynx: Recognizing cartilage framework of the larynx (the role and clinical significance of cricoid cartilage), laryngeal muscles, structure of the laryngeal cavity (supraglottic, glottic and infraglottic portion), nerves and lymph nodes of the larynx. Recognizing the anatomical features and clinical significance of the larynx in children. Recognizing the physiological functions of the larynx. 2. Examination of the larynx: Recognizing indirect laryngoscopy. Knowing direct laryngoscopy, fibrolaryngoscopy, microlaryngoscopy, strobolaryngoscopy, investigation methods of laryngeal functions and imaging studies of the larynx. 3. Inflammation of larynx: Recognizing the clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment of acute laryngitis, chronic laryngitis, acute laryngitis in children and acute epiglottitis. Knowing the difference of chronic laryngitis from polyp of vocal cord, vocal nodules and hysterical aphonia and the prevention and treatment algorithm. 4. Injuries of the larynx: Recognizing the clinical manifestations and salvage measures of contusion, cutting and burning injuries of the larynx. Knowing the diagnosis and treatment of stenosis of the larynx. 5. Mastering the etiology, clinical manifestations, differential diagnosis and management of laryngeal obstruction. Recognizing the indications, surgical procedures and common complications of tracheotomy. 6. Neural disorders of the larynx: Knowing the clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment algorithm of laryngeal paralysis. 7. Tumors of larynx and neck: Recognizing the clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment algorithm of laryngeal papilloma. Mastering the clinical manifestations, differential diagnosis and management of laryngeal carcinoma. Knowing the clinical manifestations and treatment algorithm of thyroglossal duct cyst, ectopic thyroid gland and cervical lymph node metastases. Contents: 1. Clinical anatomy and physiology of the larynx Cartilage framework of the larynx. Composition of laryngeal muscles. Structure of laryngeal cavity: supraglottic, glottic and infraglottic portion. Blood vessels, nerves and lymph nodes of the larynx. Anatomical features and clinical significance of the larynx in children. Physiological functions of the larynx: respiration, phonation, protection and holding breath. 2. Examination of the larynx Indirect laryngoscopy, direct laryngoscopy, fibrolaryngoscopy, microlaryngoscopy, strobolaryngoscopy, and investigation of laryngeal function. 3. Injuries of the larynx The etiology, clinical manifestations and treatment of contusion of the larynx. The etiology, clinical manifestations and treatment of cutting injury of the larynx. The etiology, clinical manifestations and treatment of scald, burning injury of the larynx. The etiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment of stenosis of the larynx. 4. Acute inflammatory disorders of the larynx