118 STATE OF THE WORLD'S FORESTS 2001 mechanisms between local and national or is currently drawing up a list of forests under subnational policy levels. Individual sites are sustainable forest management in the region that linked through national networks and through the could potentially serve as demonstration sites. International Model forest Network I7 At present, there are 22 model forests, covering OTHER INITIATIVES a total of more than 12 million ha in seven World Bank forest policy review countries(Canada, Chile, China, Japan, Mexico, Between march 1998 and december 2000. the the Russian Federation and the United States). World Bank reviewed its 1991 Forest Policy Others are being established in a further six through its Forest Policy Implementation Review ountries(Argentina, Indonesia, Myanmar, the and Strategy (FPIRS) Not only may the review Philippines, Thailand and viet Nam). In addition, lead to significant new directions in World Bank Australia, Brazil, India, Malawi, Panama, Papua funding in the forest sector, but it could affect the New Guinea, Paraguay, the Republic of Korea Banks activities in other sectors that have a major and Senegal have expressed an interest in impact on forests developing model forests. Between 1998 and 2000, The World Bank,s Environmentally and Sociall a series of four International Workshops on Model Sustainable Development Network managed the Forests for Field Level Application of Sustainable review while, in a parallel process, an independent Forest Management was organized and hosted by review of the Bank's forestry portfolio was carried Japan in technical collaboration with FAO and the out by its Operations Evaluation Department. The International Model Forest Network Secretariat. first phase of the FPIRS (May 1998 to June 2000) Two demonstration forest initiatives, with consisted of the Operations Evaluation aims similar to those of model forests, have been Department's review, reviews of the forest policys launched in Latin America: the Demonstration implementation in projects by the Intemational orest Management Areas in Central America, Finance Corporation and the Global En upported by CAtIE; and the Network of Facility, the preparation of thematic studies; and Demonstration Watersheds in Mountain areas of consultations inside and outside the bank. In the Latin America, established in 2000 by the FAo- second phase (anuary to May 2000), nine regional supported Latin American Network of Technical meetings were held to discuss the reviews peration in Watershed Management. The findings and to elicit broad-based stakeholder objectives of this last initiative are to promote input from around the world. The draft strategy participation in integrated natural resource policy and internal implementation plan were management of mountain watersheds through written during the third phase une to December the demonstration and dissemination of 2000) and were due to be presented to the board information, and to strengthen institutions of the world bank in december 2000 involved in such work When this publication was prepared, the draft areas and its Model Forest Management Area in emerging in the discussions for major shifts i oo Other initiatives include ITTO's demonstration strategy was not yet available, but consensus w arawak, Malaysia; the ITTO/CIFOR/Indonesia direction from the 1991 Forest Policy. Whereas the model forest in Bulungan, Indonesia; and China's objectives of the 1991 policy were combating network of eight experimental and demonstration deforestation, resource expansion and areas covering the country's main ecozones. The tensification, the proposed new objectives were Asia-Pacific Forestry Commissions ad hoc poverty reduction, sustainable development and Working Group on Sustainable Forest Management the protection of global values In emphasi from moist tropical forest to all types of forest, and from biological diversity conservation to For details. refer to www idrc. ca/imfn/index. html. broader objectives (including support to rural118 STATE OF THE WORLD’S FORESTS 2001 mechanisms between local and national or subnational policy levels. Individual sites are linked through national networks and through the International Model Forest Network.17 At present, there are 22 model forests, covering a total of more than 12 million ha in seven countries (Canada, Chile, China, Japan, Mexico, the Russian Federation and the United States). Others are being established in a further six countries (Argentina, Indonesia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Thailand and Viet Nam). In addition, Australia, Brazil, India, Malawi, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, the Republic of Korea and Senegal have expressed an interest in developing model forests. Between 1998 and 2000, a series of four International Workshops on Model Forests for Field Level Application of Sustainable Forest Management was organized and hosted by Japan in technical collaboration with FAO and the International Model Forest Network Secretariat. Two demonstration forest initiatives, with aims similar to those of model forests, have been launched in Latin America: the Demonstration Forest Management Areas in Central America, supported by CATIE; and the Network of Demonstration Watersheds in Mountain Areas of Latin America, established in 2000 by the FAO￾supported Latin American Network of Technical Cooperation in Watershed Management. The objectives of this last initiative are to promote participation in integrated natural resource management of mountain watersheds through the demonstration and dissemination of information, and to strengthen institutions involved in such work. Other initiatives include ITTO’s demonstration areas and its Model Forest Management Area in Sarawak, Malaysia; the ITTO/CIFOR/Indonesia model forest in Bulungan, Indonesia; and China’s network of eight experimental and demonstration areas covering the country’s main ecozones. The Asia-Pacific Forestry Commission’s ad hoc Working Group on Sustainable Forest Management is currently drawing up a list of forests under sustainable forest management in the region that could potentially serve as demonstration sites. OTHER INITIATIVES World Bank forest policy review Between March 1998 and December 2000, the World Bank reviewed its 1991 Forest Policy through its Forest Policy Implementation Review and Strategy (FPIRS). Not only may the review lead to significant new directions in World Bank funding in the forest sector, but it could affect the Bank’s activities in other sectors that have a major impact on forests. The World Bank’s Environmentally and Socially Sustainable Development Network managed the review while, in a parallel process, an independent review of the Bank’s forestry portfolio was carried out by its Operations Evaluation Department. The first phase of the FPIRS (May 1998 to June 2000) consisted of the Operations Evaluation Department’s review; reviews of the forest policy’s implementation in projects by the International Finance Corporation and the Global Environment Facility; the preparation of thematic studies; and consultations inside and outside the Bank. In the second phase (January to May 2000), nine regional meetings were held to discuss the reviews’ findings and to elicit broad-based stakeholder input from around the world. The draft strategy, policy and internal implementation plan were written during the third phase (June to December 2000) and were due to be presented to the Board of the World Bank in December 2000. When this publication was prepared, the draft strategy was not yet available, but consensus was emerging in the discussions for major shifts in direction from the 1991 Forest Policy. Whereas the objectives of the 1991 policy were combating deforestation, resource expansion and intensification, the proposed new objectives were poverty reduction, sustainable development and the protection of global values. Shifts in emphasis from moist tropical forest to all types of forest, and from biological diversity conservation to broader objectives (including support to rural 17 For details, refer to www.idrc.ca/imfn/index.html