PREFACE OBJECTIVES The primary purpose of this book is to convey insight into why semiconductors are the way they are, either because of how their atoms bond with one another, because of mistakes in their structure, or because of how they are produced or processed he approach is to explore both the science of how atoms interact and to connect the results to real materials properties, and to show the engineering concepts that can be used to produce or improve a semiconductor by design. Along with this I hope how some applications for the topics under discussion so that one may see how the concepts are applied in the laboratory The intended audience of this book is senior undergraduate students and graduate students early in their careers or with limited background in the subject. I intend this book to be equally useful to those teaching in electrical engineering, materials science, or even chemical engineering or physics curricula, although the book is written for a materials science audience primarily. To try to maintain the focus on materials concepts the details of many of the derivations and equations are left out of he book. Likewise I have not delved into the details of electrical engineering topics in as much detail as an electrical engineer might wish. It is assumed that students are familiar with these topics from earlier course The core prerequisite subjects assumed for use of this book are basic chemistry physics, and electrical circuits. The most essential topics from an intermediate level in these subjects are reviewed. Students taking my class are assumed to have had a condensed matter physics course and a semiconductor device theory course with significantly more detail than is covered in Chapters 2 and 3. Furthermore they are assumed to have had some organic chemistry(at least at the Freshman undergraduate level)and general materials science courses with significantly more information than provide in the review in Chapter 4. In spite of these expectations my audience usually includes graduate students lacking background in at least one of these topics to the material in this book includes more than 25 years ductor materials science and processing. My primary research over the past 18 years has concerned the fundamental materials science of the semiconductor CulnSe2 and related compounds. This material is a fascinating study in all of the topics of materials science rolled into a single field. As such, the results appear from time to time in the book as illustrations. Given rising concems about energy world wide, the book also makes reference to solar cells, properlyPREFACE OBJECTIVES The primary purpose of this book is to convey insight into why semiconductors are the way they are, either because of how their atoms bond with one another, because of mistakes in their structure, or because of how they are produced or processed. The approach is to explore both the science of how atoms interact and to connect the results to real materials properties, and to show the engineering concepts that can be used to produce or improve a semiconductor by design. Along with this I hope to show some applications for the topics under discussion so that one may see how the concepts are applied in the laboratory. The intended audience of this book is senior undergraduate students and graduate students early in their careers or with limited background in the subject. I intend this book to be equally useful to those teaching in electrical engineering, materials science, or even chemical engineering or physics curricula, although the book is written for a materials science audience primarily. To try to maintain the focus on materials concepts the details of many of the derivations and equations are left out of the book. Likewise I have not delved into the details of electrical engineering topics in as much detail as an electrical engineer might wish. It is assumed that students are familiar with these topics from earlier courses. The core prerequisite subjects assumed for use of this book are basic chemistry, physics, and electrical circuits. The most essential topics from an intermediate level in these subjects are reviewed. Students taking my class are assumed to have had a condensed matter physics course and a semiconductor device theory course with significantly more detail than is covered in Chapters 2 and 3. Furthermore they are assumed to have had some organic chemistry (at least at the Freshman undergraduate level) and general materials science courses with significantly more information than I provide in the review in Chapter 4. In spite of these expectations my audience usually includes graduate students lacking background in at least one of these topics. My background that applies to the material in this book includes more than 25 years doing research in semiconductor materials science and processing. My primary research over the past 18 years has concerned the fundamental materials science of the semiconductor CuInSe2 and related compounds. This material is a fascinating study in all of the topics of materials science rolled into a single field. As such, the results appear from time to time in the book as illustrations. Given rising concerns about energy world wide, the book also makes reference to solar cells, properly