Artificial active immunity Vaccines are antigens prepared from pathogens that can raise a protective immune response, yet do not cause illness. These prepared antigens will stimulate both b cells and T cells and help to create memory cells that can later mount a vigorous immune response to an encounter with the real pathogen. Toxoids: a modified form of the toxin that preserves its antigenicity but has lost its toxicity. This has been spectacularly successful with tetanus and diphtheria I Inactivated vaccines: The production of protective antibodies is stimulated by using the killed (inactivated)organisms This is done as a routine with vaccines against pertussis(whooping cough), typhoid and influenza. There is also an inactivated polio vaccine Attenuated live vaccines The approach is to use suspensions of living organisms that are reduced in their virulence(attenuated) but still immunogenic. This strategy has yielded: BCG, mumps, measles, and rubella vaccines(now combined); the live virus polio vaccine Special vaccines: polysaccharide vaccine, subunit vaccine, conjugate vaccine bio-engineered vaccine, chemical vaccine, synthetic vaccine ) nucleic acid vaccine idiotype vaccine, autovaccine, etcArtificial active immunity Toxoids: a modified form of the toxin that preserves its antigenicity but has lost its toxicity. This has been spectacularly successful with tetanus and diphtheria. Inactivated vaccines: The production of protective antibodies is stimulated by using the killed (inactivated) organisms This is done as a routine with vaccines against pertussis (whooping cough) , typhoid and influenza. There is also an inactivated polio vaccine. Attenuated live vaccines : The approach is to use suspensions of living organisms that are reduced in their virulence (attenuated) but still immunogenic. This strategy has yielded: BCG, mumps, measles , and rubella vaccines (now combined); the live virus polio vaccine. Special vaccines: polysaccharide vaccine, subunit vaccine, ( conjugate vaccine, bio-engineered vaccine, chemical vaccine, synthetic vaccine ), nucleic acid vaccine, idiotype vaccine, autovaccine, etc. Vaccines are antigens prepared from pathogens that can raise a protective immune response, yet do not cause illness. These prepared antigens will stimulate both B cells and T cells and help to create memory cells that can later mount a vigorous immune response to an encounter with the real pathogen