Background First,the population in urban areas in the developing countries now are much denser than that in the past in the West; Second,there are some special remaining issues in the booming cities within only two or three decades in the developing countries,such as short-sighted urban planning, lack of municipal infrastructure,unreasonable or outdated locations of urban drainage systems and wastewater treatment plants; Third,the environmental debts during the rapid industrialization and urbanization period cause the subsequent environmental problems to be more complicated and interdependent. Environmental infrastructure investment lag behind the present speed of increasing productivity.Background First, the population in urban areas in the developing countries now are much denser than that in the past in the West; Second, there are some special remaining issues in the booming cities within only two or three decades in the developing countries, such as short-sighted urban planning, lack of municipal infrastructure, unreasonable or outdated locations of urban drainage systems and wastewater treatment plants; Third, the environmental debts during the rapid industrialization and urbanization period cause the subsequent environmental problems to be more complicated and interdependent. Environmental infrastructure investment lag behind the present speed of increasing productivity