CONTENTS Key Challenges in the Human Resource Management in China...................90 Recommendations for Moving Forward with Human Resources Reform: Lessons from Chinese and International Experience............................93 Strengthening Private Sector Engagement in Production and Delivery of Health Services (Lever 7) 97 Introduction.................. 97 99 Key Challenges,。。。,..。.·。。。·。。。。·。··。·················yy Recommendations for Strengthening Private Sector Engagement in Production and Delivery of Health Services:Lessons from Chinese and International Experience...… .102 Modernizing Health Service Planning to Guide Investment (Lever 8) 107 Introduction.· 107 Key Capital Investment Challenges in the Health Sector in China................... 108 Recommendations for Moving Forward with Service Planning Reform: Lessons from Chinese and International Experience............................110 Part Ill Moving Forward with Implementation 117 Strengthening Implementation of Service Delivery Reform 119 Introduction...…· ..119 Implementation Challenges...............................................119 An Actionable Implementation Framework....................................121 Moving Forward:Spreading Effective and Sustainable Implementation at the Local Level...........................123 Toward a sequential reform implementation plan for reaching full scale in China......132 Annexes....········ 135 Annex 1 Levers and Recommended Core Actions.............................136 Annex 2 Government Policies In Support of the Eight Levers.................... 138 Annex 3 New Policy Guidelines on Tiered Service Delivery (Guo Ban Fa [2015]NO.70)and Recommended Core Actions............142 Annex 4 Nomenclature and Summaries of 22 PCIC Performance Improvement Initiatives......... 144 Annex 5 Impact Frequency of Studies on PCIC Initiatives(no.of studies)........... 147 References..···…· 149CONTENTS v Key Challenges in the Human Resource Management in China . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 Recommendations for Moving Forward with Human Resources Reform: Lessons from Chinese and International Experience . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 Strengthening Private Sector Engagement in Production and Delivery of Health Services (Lever 7) 97 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 Key Challenges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 Recommendations for Strengthening Private Sector Engagement in Production and Delivery of Health Services: Lessons from Chinese and International Experience . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 Modernizing Health Service Planning to Guide Investment (Lever 8) 107 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 Key Capital Investment Challenges in the Health Sector in China . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108 Recommendations for Moving Forward with Service Planning Reform: Lessons from Chinese and International Experience . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110 Part III Moving Forward with Implementation 117 Strengthening Implementation of Service Delivery Reform 119 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 Implementation Challenges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 An Actionable Implementation Framework . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121 Moving Forward: Spreading Effective and Sustainable Implementation at the Local Level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 Toward a sequential reform implementation plan for reaching full scale in China . . . . . . 132 Annexes .............................................................. 135 Annex 1 Levers and Recommended Core Actions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136 Annex 2 Government Policies In Support of the Eight Levers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138 Annex 3 New Policy Guidelines on Tiered Service Delivery (Guo Ban Fa [2015] NO.70) and Recommended Core Actions . . . . . . . . . . . . 142 Annex 4 Nomenclature and Summaries of 22 PCIC Performance Improvement Initiatives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144 Annex 5 Impact Frequency of Studies on PCIC Initiatives (no. of studies) . . . . . . . . . . . 147 References ............................................................ 149