工程科学学报.第42卷，第6期：693-703.2020年6月 Chinese Journal of Engineering,Vol.42,No.6:693-703,June 2020 https://doi.org/10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2019.09.24.001;http://cje.ustb.edu.cn 锌的生物浸出技术现状及研究进展 李旭，高文成，温建康⑧，武彪，刘学 有研工程技术研究院有限公司生物治金国家工程实验室.北京101407 ☒通信作者，E-mail:kang3412@126.com 摘要锌是现代工业所必需的有色金属，属于很重要的战略资源，其在世界所有金属产量中排名第四，仅次于铁、铝和铜 随着低品位难处理锌资源的种类和产量的不断增加，以及湿法治金技术的不断发展，锌的生物浸出技术得到了研究人员的广 泛关注，并展示出了良好的潜在应用前景.本文首先较为详细的介绍了含锌资源的矿物特征，并对其生物可浸性进行了分析 其次，对目前锌的生物浸出体系，所用浸矿菌种，浸出过程所涉及的电化学、热力学、动力学以及浸出机理进行了归纳总结： 接着，对锌的生物浸出技术现状和工艺新进展进行了阐述.最后，展望了锌的生物浸出工艺的发展趋势及后续的研究热点， 研究表明高效浸锌菌种的选育驯化、与之相匹配的工艺及装备研发，是锌的生物浸出当今研究热点及未来发展方向. 关键词锌：生物浸出：浸矿菌种：反应机理：回收 分类号TF18 Technology status and research progress of zinc bioleaching LI Xu,GAO Wen-cheng,WEN Jian-kang,WU Biao,LIU Xue National Engineering Laboratory of Biohydrometallury,GRIMAT Engineering Institute Co.,Ltd,Beijing 101407,China Corresponding author,E-mail:kang3412@126.com ABSTRACT Zinc is a nonferrous metal necessary for modern industry and an important strategic resource.It ranks fourth among all metals in terms of world production after iron,aluminum,and copper.Zinc sulfide ore is the most important zinc-producing mineral in the world,followed by associated zinc oxide ore and zinc-containing secondary resources.China is rich in zinc resources.Most of China's lead-zinc and copper-zinc deposits are mainly lead-zinc integrated deposits,lead-zinc sulfide deposits,and other associated components.These types of mineral resources lead to wastage of resources in the development and utilization processes and affect the subsequent smelting process,which places considerable pressure on the production efficiency and ecological environment.The current mining and metallurgical industry vigorously promotes industrial development and has shifted in the favor of recycling,low-carbon,and green technologies.The biological leaching technology,as a green and low-carbon wet metallurgy technology,meets the current environmental protection policy requirements.This technology uses microorganisms and their metabolites to soak valuable metals in ores and has many advantages such as simple process,environmental protection,and capability to process low-grade ores.With the development of hydrometallurgical technology,the biological leaching technology of zinc from various types of low-grade zinc resources has attracted researchers'attention and shown considerable application potential.First,this study introduced the mineral characteristics of zinc resources and analyzed their bioleachability.Then,the bioleaching process of zinc was summarized,and the leaching bacteria,electrochemistry,thermodynamics,kinetics,and leaching mechanism were systemically introduced.Furthermore,the current situation and/or progress of zinc bioleaching technology were generalized.Finally,the development trend of zinc bioleaching process and future research hotspots were considered.This study shows that the breeding of highly efficient bioleaching bacteria and the corresponding technology and equipment inventions are the current research hotspots and can also be the development directions for zinc 收稿日期：2019-09-24 基金项目：云南省科技厅重点研发计划资助项目(2018B027)锌的生物浸出技术现状及研究进展 李    旭，高文成，温建康苣，武    彪，刘    学 有研工程技术研究院有限公司生物冶金国家工程实验室，北京 101407 苣通信作者，E-mail：kang3412@126.com 摘    要    锌是现代工业所必需的有色金属，属于很重要的战略资源，其在世界所有金属产量中排名第四，仅次于铁、铝和铜. 随着低品位难处理锌资源的种类和产量的不断增加，以及湿法冶金技术的不断发展，锌的生物浸出技术得到了研究人员的广 泛关注，并展示出了良好的潜在应用前景. 本文首先较为详细的介绍了含锌资源的矿物特征，并对其生物可浸性进行了分析. 其次，对目前锌的生物浸出体系，所用浸矿菌种，浸出过程所涉及的电化学、热力学、动力学以及浸出机理进行了归纳总结； 接着，对锌的生物浸出技术现状和工艺新进展进行了阐述. 最后，展望了锌的生物浸出工艺的发展趋势及后续的研究热点. 研究表明高效浸锌菌种的选育驯化、与之相匹配的工艺及装备研发，是锌的生物浸出当今研究热点及未来发展方向. 关键词    锌；生物浸出；浸矿菌种；反应机理；回收 分类号    TF18 Technology status and research progress of zinc bioleaching LI Xu，GAO Wen-cheng，WEN Jian-kang苣 ，WU Biao，LIU Xue National Engineering Laboratory of Biohydrometallury, GRIMAT Engineering Institute Co., Ltd, Beijing 101407, China 苣 Corresponding author, E-mail: kang3412@126.com ABSTRACT    Zinc is a nonferrous metal necessary for modern industry and an important strategic resource. It ranks fourth among all metals in terms of world production after iron, aluminum, and copper. Zinc sulfide ore is the most important zinc-producing mineral in the  world,  followed  by  associated  zinc  oxide  ore  and  zinc-containing  secondary  resources.  China  is  rich  in  zinc  resources.  Most  of China ’s lead–zinc and copper–zinc deposits are mainly lead–zinc integrated deposits, lead–zinc sulfide deposits, and other associated components. These types of mineral resources lead to wastage of resources in the development and utilization processes and affect the subsequent smelting process, which places considerable pressure on the production efficiency and ecological environment. The current mining and metallurgical industry vigorously promotes industrial development and has shifted in the favor of recycling, low-carbon, and green  technologies.  The  biological  leaching  technology,  as  a  green  and  low-carbon  wet  metallurgy  technology,  meets  the  current environmental protection policy requirements. This technology uses microorganisms and their metabolites to soak valuable metals in ores  and  has  many  advantages  such  as  simple  process,  environmental  protection,  and  capability  to  process  low-grade  ores.  With  the development  of  hydrometallurgical  technology,  the  biological  leaching  technology  of  zinc  from  various  types  of  low-grade  zinc resources  has  attracted  researchers ’  attention  and  shown  considerable  application  potential.  First,  this  study  introduced  the  mineral characteristics  of  zinc  resources  and  analyzed  their  bioleachability.  Then,  the  bioleaching  process  of  zinc  was  summarized,  and  the leaching bacteria, electrochemistry, thermodynamics, kinetics, and leaching mechanism were systemically introduced. Furthermore, the current situation and/or progress of zinc bioleaching technology were generalized. Finally, the development trend of zinc bioleaching process and future research hotspots were considered. This study shows that the breeding of highly efficient bioleaching bacteria and the corresponding technology and equipment inventions are the current research hotspots and can also be the development directions for zinc 收稿日期: 2019−09−24 基金项目: 云南省科技厅重点研发计划资助项目（2018IB027） 工程科学学报，第 42 卷，第 6 期：693−703，2020 年 6 月 Chinese Journal of Engineering, Vol. 42, No. 6: 693−703, June 2020 https://doi.org/10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2019.09.24.001; http://cje.ustb.edu.cn