Pumping Levels for Ruby Laser PA pulsed ruby laser was sed for the famous laser ranging experiment which was conducted with a corner reflector non-radiative processes placed on the Moon by the apollo astronauts Metastable This determined the distance to the moon with an accuracy of about cm Neodymium- YAG Laser eAn example of a solid-state laser, the neodymium-YAG uses Nd ion to dope the yttrium garnet (YAG)host he i e common and Helium-Neon Laser elium"neon laser is usually e inversion possible Neodymium-YAG lasers have become very ed at 632.8 nm. It can also be ction in the green at 543.5 laser power at 1065 nm and can achieve extremely nea a high powers in a pulsed mode 1523m e One of the excited levels of cillators for the production of a series of very short pulses fo helium at 20.61 ev is very 20.66 eV. so close in fact that collision of a helium and he transferred from the a Laser Applications Lasers Industry vestigation of of gases, fluids, solids, plasma, The Cutting edge EC (Bose-Einstein condensate), ignition of nuclear fusion, sThe advantages of Laser technology over Precision measurements stantial: The cuts ar future atomic clocks, navigation, geophysics, astrophysics Laser technology has taken the jewe elding, cutting, drilling, surface hardening, from micro to a which ool are iology and medical also highly desirable for this industry diagnosis& therapy (retina, cancer.), DNS-structure,cell nAser welding can be automated for high precision tasks. The very high cutting speed makes it possible Information technology data transmission, optical computing, laser display, optical storage sThe process is cleaner6 earth A pulsed ruby laser was used for the famous laser ranging experiment which was conducted with a corner reflector placed on the Moon by the Apollo astronauts. This determined the distance to the Moon with an accuracy of about 15 cm. Pumping Levels for Ruby Laser Neodymium-YAG Laser An example of a solid-state laser, the neodymium-YAG uses the Nd3+ ion to dope the yttrium-aluminum-garnet (YAG) host crystal to produce the triplet geometry which makes population inversion possible. Neodymium-YAG lasers have become very important because they can be used to produce high powers. Such lasers have been constructed to produce over a kilowatt of continuous laser power at 1065 nm and can achieve extremely high powers in a pulsed mode. Neodymium-YAG lasers are used in pulse mode in laser oscillators for the production of a series of very short pulses for research with femtosecond time resolution. The most common and Helium-Neon Laser inexpensive gas laser, the helium-neon laser is usually constructed to operate in the red at 632.8 nm. It can also be constructed to produce laser action in the green at 543.5 nm and in the infrared at 1523 nm. One of the excited levels of helium at 20.61 eV is very close to a level in neon at 20.66 eV, so close in fact that upon collision of a helium and a neon atom, the energy can be transferred from the helium to the neon atom. Laser Applications Science investigation of properties of gases, fluids, solids, plasma, BEC (Bose-Einstein condensate), ignition of nuclear fusion, find gravitational waves Precision measurements future atomic clocks, navigation, geophysics, astrophysics Material processing welding, cutting, drilling, surface hardening, from micro to nano Biology and medical diagnosis & therapy (retina, cancer… ), DNS-structure, cell￾content Information technology data transmission, optical computing, laser display, optical storage Lasers & Industry The Cutting Edge The advantages of Laser technology over mechanical processes are substantial: The cuts are more precise and reduce raw material losses. Laser technology has taken the jewelry industry The superior cutting accuracy and precision which have contributed to it’s success as a medical tool are also highly desirable for this industry. Laser welding can be automated for high-precision tasks. The very high cutting speed makes it possible to produce "haute couture" jewelry at industrial prices The process is cleaner