CHAPTER 15: THE GEOSPHERE AND GEOCHEMISTRY 15.1 Introduction 15.2 The Nature of Solids in the Geosphere 15.3 Physical Form of the Geosphere 15.4 Internal Processes 15.5 Surface Processes 15.6 Sediments 15.7 Clays 15.8 Geochemistry 15.9 Groundwater in the Geosphere 15.10 Environmental Aspects of the Geosphere 15. 11 Earthquakes 15.12 Volcanoes 15.13 Surface Earth Movement 15.14 Stream and River Phenomena 15.15 Phenomena at the land/Ocean Interface 5.16 Phenomena at the Land/ Atmosphere Interface 15.17 Effects of Ice 15.18 Effects of Human Activities 15.20 Water Pollution and the Geosphere 15.21 Waste Disposal and the geosphere CHAPTER 16: Soil Environmental Chemistry 16.1 Soil and Agriculture 16.2 Nature and Composition of Soil 16.3 Acid-Base and lon Exchange Reactions in Soils 16.4 Macronutrients in Soil 16.5 Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium in Soil 16.6 Micronutrients in soil 6.7 Fertili 16.8 Wastes and pollutants in soil 16.9 Soil Loss and degra 16. 10 Genetic Engineering and Agriculture 16.11 Agriculture and Health CHAPTER 17: PRINCIPLES OF INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY 17.1 Introduction and History 17.2 Industrial Ecosystems 17.3 The Five Major Components of an Industrial Ecosystem 17.4 Industrial Metabolism 17.5 Levels of Materials Utilization 17.6 Links to Other Environmental Spheres 17.7 Consideration of Environmental Impacts in Industrial Ecology 17.8 Three Key Attributes: Energy, Materials, Diversity 17.9 Life Cycles: Expanding and Closing the Materials Loop 17.10 Life-Cycle Assessment 17. 11 Consumable, Recyclable, and Service(Durable) Products 17.12 Design for Environment 17.13 Overview of an Integrated Industrial Ecosystem 17.14 The Kalundborg Example 17.15 Societal Factors and the Environmental ethic C 2001 CRC Press llcCHAPTER 15: THE GEOSPHERE AND GEOCHEMISTRY 15.1 Introduction 15.2 The Nature of Solids in the Geosphere 15.3 Physical Form of the Geosphere 15.4 Internal Processes 15.5 Surface Processes 15.6 Sediments 15.7 Clays 15.8 Geochemistry 15.9 Groundwater in the Geosphere 15.10 Environmental Aspects of the Geosphere 15.11 Earthquakes 15.12 Volcanoes 15.13 Surface Earth Movement 15.14 Stream and River Phenomena 15.15 Phenomena at the Land/Ocean Interface 15.16 Phenomena at the Land/Atmosphere Interface 15.17 Effects of Ice 15.18 Effects of Human Activities 15.20 Water Pollution and the Geosphere 15.21 Waste Disposal and the Geosphere CHAPTER 16: Soil Environmental Chemistry 16.1 Soil and Agriculture 16.2 Nature and Composition of Soil 16.3 Acid-Base and Ion Exchange Reactions in Soils 16.4 Macronutrients in Soil 16.5 Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium in Soil 16.6 Micronutrients in Soil 16.7 Fertilizers 16.8 Wastes and Pollutants in Soil 16.9 Soil Loss and Degradation 16.10 Genetic Engineering and Agriculture 16.11 Agriculture and Health CHAPTER 17: PRINCIPLES OF INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY 17.1 Introduction and History 17.2 Industrial Ecosystems 17.3 The Five Major Components of an Industrial Ecosystem 17.4 Industrial Metabolism 17.5 Levels of Materials Utilization 17.6 Links to Other Environmental Spheres 17.7 Consideration of Environmental Impacts in Industrial Ecology 17.8 Three Key Attributes: Energy, Materials, Diversity 17.9 Life Cycles: Expanding and Closing the Materials Loop 17.10 Life-Cycle Assessment 17.11 Consumable, Recyclable, and Service (Durable) Products 17.12 Design for Environment 17.13 Overview of an Integrated Industrial Ecosystem 17.14 The Kalundborg Example © 2001 CRC Press LLC 17.15 Societal Factors and the Environmental Ethic