宏观态、微观态 S.J.T.U. Phase Transformation and Applications Page 9/66 宏观态 体系的状态由几个状态参数如温度、体积和内能来描述。 An isolated system at equilibrium at a given volume. ·微观态 需表征体系中所有粒子的状态，如所有分子的能量和速度。 Specify the position and velocity of all of the molecules in the system The rate of motion of molecules in air at macroscopic equilibrium v2=3kT/m=23.4×104m2/S2 v=483m/S SJTU Thermodynamics of Materials Spring 2008 ©X.J.Jin Lecture 19 StatisticalPhase Transformation and Applications S. J. T. U. SJTU Thermodynamics of Materials Spring 2008 © X. J. Jin Lecture 19 Statistical Page 9/66 宏观态、微观态 • 宏观态 体系的状态由几个状态参数如温度、体积和内能来描述。 An isolated system at equilibrium at a given volume. • 微观态 需表征体系中所有粒子的状态，如所有分子的能量和速度。 Specify the position and velocity of all of the molecules in the system 2 224 mkTv ×== /104.23/3 Sm = /483 Smv The rate of motion of molecules in air at macroscopic equilibrium