1/26/2016 Microbes are not found throughout the body but instead are localized in certain regions of the body THE HUMAN MICROBIOME Intestines Urogenita 四 Humans may now be identified by their own Normal Microbiota unique microbial cloud -Nutrients:dead cells,food in the intestines, secreted cellular products,body fluids -Physical and chemical factors:pH,temperature, oxygen levels,carbon dioxide,salinity,sunlight -Host defenses:molecules and activated cells that kill microbes inhibit theirg,prevent adhesion to host cells,neutralize toxins Mechanical factors:chewing,flow of gastric juices,flow of saliva,flushing of urine Microbes can colonize only the body parts that supply the right nutrient 1/26/2016 3 Mouth Microbes are not found throughout the body but instead are localized in certain regions of the body Stomach Skin Respiratory Eyes Intestines Urogenital Humans may now be identified by their own unique microbial cloud Normal Microbiota • Distribution and composition of normal microbiota are determined by many factors – Nutrients: dead cells, food in the intestines, s t d ll l p d ts b d fl ids secreted cellular products, body fluids – Physical and chemical factors: pH, temperature, oxygen levels, carbon dioxide, salinity, sunlight – Host defenses: molecules and activated cells that kill microbes, inhibit their growth, prevent adhesion to host cells, neutralize toxins – Mechanical factors: chewing, flow of gastric juices, flow of saliva, flushing of urine Microbes can colonize only the body parts that supply the right nutrients