工程科学学报.第44卷,第X期:1-12.2021年X月 Chinese Journal of Engineering,Vol.44,No.X:1-12,X 2021 https://doi.org/10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2021.03.09.002;http://cje.ustb.edu.cn 我国铝冶炼工业的竞争力分析及发展趋势 刘风琴12)区,邱定蕃引,顾松青,李荣斌2,赵洪亮2),谢明壮,姚志超引 1)北京科技大学治金与生态工程学院,北京1000832)北京科技大学钢铁治金新技术国家重点实验室,北京1000833)矿冶科技集团有 限公司,北京1001604)中国铝业集团有限公司,北京100082 ☒通信作者,E-mail:liufq(@ustb.edu.cn 摘要在全面综述我国铝治炼工业生产和技术现状的基础上,剖析了我国铝冶炼工业发展在资源、能源和环境治理方面所 面临的主要矛盾与挑战,在世界范围进行了生产成本竞争力比较与分析,认为制约我国铝治炼工业可持续发展的主要因素是 国内缺乏足够的优质铝土矿资源、电力价格过高、生产技术需进一步优化,所产生的大量固危废难于实现无害化和资源化利 用.由此提出了我国铝治炼工业可持续发展的战略,即严控产能的无序过快扩张并合理布局,优化资源和能源供应结构,实 施优质、节能、低耗的产业发展战略以提高核心竞争力.加快实现废气、废水和固废的达标排放及资源化利用.研究结果对 我国铝工业进行产业结构调整、实现高质量可持续发展的战略,具有较重要的意义. 关键词铝冶炼工业:氧化铝生产:电解铝生产:竞争力分析:环境治理:发展战略 分类号TF821 Analysis of competitiveness of China's aluminum industry in the world and its development trend LIU Feng-qin2.QIU Ding-fan.GU Song-qing.LI Rong-bin2).ZHAO Hong-liang2).XIE Ming-zhuang,YAO Zhi-chao 1)School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China 2)State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China 3)BGRIMM Technology Group,Beijing 100160,China 4)Aluminum Corporation of China,Beijing 100082,China Corresponding author,E-mail:liufq @ustb.edu.cn ABSTRACT Aluminum is the second largest metallic material after steel.It is also an indispensable and basic raw material in the economic development of a country.Besides,aluminum is known as a green strategic material due to its efficient recycling performance. China's aluminum industry has made remarkable achievements in technological innovation and scientific progress through decades of development.However,in recent years,the huge production scale of the aluminum industry has increasingly prominent problems of limited resources,rising energy costs,and environmental pollution.It should be realized that the development and survival of China's aluminum industry have reached a very critical period.This paper comprehensively studied the current situation of the production and technology of China's aluminum metallurgical industry.Major contradictions and challenges faced by the development of China's aluminum industry in the fields of resources,energy,and the environment were revealed.In addition,the competitiveness of the production cost for Chinese alumina refining and aluminum smelting in the world was compared and analyzed.It is shown that the major factors restricting China's aluminum industry development include the lack of high-quality bauxite resources,high energy costs,the requirement for further improvement of the production technology,and no effective treatment of solid and hazardous wastes.Hence,a 收稿日期:2021-03-09 基金项目:中国工程院咨询研究资助项目(2018-XY-14):国家重点研发计划重点专项资助项目(2019Y℉C1908403)我国铝冶炼工业的竞争力分析及发展趋势 刘风琴1,2) 苣,邱定蕃3),顾松青4),李荣斌1,2),赵洪亮1,2),谢明壮1),姚志超3) 1) 北京科技大学冶金与生态工程学院, 北京 100083 2) 北京科技大学钢铁冶金新技术国家重点实验室, 北京 100083 3) 矿冶科技集团有 限公司, 北京 100160 4) 中国铝业集团有限公司, 北京 100082 苣通信作者, E-mail: liufq@ustb.edu.cn 摘 要 在全面综述我国铝冶炼工业生产和技术现状的基础上,剖析了我国铝冶炼工业发展在资源、能源和环境治理方面所 面临的主要矛盾与挑战,在世界范围进行了生产成本竞争力比较与分析,认为制约我国铝冶炼工业可持续发展的主要因素是 国内缺乏足够的优质铝土矿资源、电力价格过高、生产技术需进一步优化,所产生的大量固危废难于实现无害化和资源化利 用. 由此提出了我国铝冶炼工业可持续发展的战略,即严控产能的无序过快扩张并合理布局,优化资源和能源供应结构,实 施优质、节能、低耗的产业发展战略以提高核心竞争力,加快实现废气、废水和固废的达标排放及资源化利用. 研究结果对 我国铝工业进行产业结构调整、实现高质量可持续发展的战略,具有较重要的意义. 关键词 铝冶炼工业;氧化铝生产;电解铝生产;竞争力分析;环境治理;发展战略 分类号 TF821 Analysis of competitiveness of China ’s aluminum industry in the world and its development trend LIU Feng-qin1,2) 苣 ,QIU Ding-fan3) ,GU Song-qing4) ,LI Rong-bin1,2) ,ZHAO Hong-liang1,2) ,XIE Ming-zhuang1) ,YAO Zhi-chao3) 1) School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China 2) State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China 3) BGRIMM Technology Group, Beijing 100160, China 4) Aluminum Corporation of China, Beijing 100082, China 苣 Corresponding author, E-mail: liufq@ustb.edu.cn ABSTRACT Aluminum is the second largest metallic material after steel. It is also an indispensable and basic raw material in the economic development of a country. Besides, aluminum is known as a green strategic material due to its efficient recycling performance. China ’s aluminum industry has made remarkable achievements in technological innovation and scientific progress through decades of development. However, in recent years, the huge production scale of the aluminum industry has increasingly prominent problems of limited resources, rising energy costs, and environmental pollution. It should be realized that the development and survival of China’s aluminum industry have reached a very critical period. This paper comprehensively studied the current situation of the production and technology of China ’s aluminum metallurgical industry. Major contradictions and challenges faced by the development of China ’s aluminum industry in the fields of resources, energy, and the environment were revealed. In addition, the competitiveness of the production cost for Chinese alumina refining and aluminum smelting in the world was compared and analyzed. It is shown that the major factors restricting China ’s aluminum industry development include the lack of high-quality bauxite resources, high energy costs, the requirement for further improvement of the production technology, and no effective treatment of solid and hazardous wastes. Hence, a 收稿日期: 2021−03−09 基金项目: 中国工程院咨询研究资助项目(2018-XY-14);国家重点研发计划重点专项资助项目(2019YFC1908403) 工程科学学报,第 44 卷,第 X 期:1−12,2021 年 X 月 Chinese Journal of Engineering, Vol. 44, No. X: 1−12, X 2021 https://doi.org/10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2021.03.09.002; http://cje.ustb.edu.cn