1. Variability and mechanism 2. Glacial and interglacial cycles 3. Millennial variations 4. Holocene climate changes 5. Seasona -interannual-decadal variations 6. Abrupt/rapid events 7. Reconstruction of the past climate1. Variability and mechanism 2. Glacial and interglacial cycles 3. Millennial variations 4. Holocene climate changes 5. Seasonal-interannual-decadal variations 6. Abrupt/rapid events 7. Reconstruction of the past climate