外语艺术教育研究 总第29期 言技能输出课程中设计大量的课堂练习,其中口 [J]外语界,200,(2):39-42 头表达在课堂中最高层次为“就论点论据思辨能5文秋芳口语教学与思维能力的培养[J国外外语教学, 力,练习演讲,写文字稿,参加辩论”8。 [6]文秋芳,周燕.评述外语专业学生思维能力的发展[J]外语学 二)怀疑与思辨的统 我们提倡语言教师要把思维和语言技能教学[7]文秋芳,刘润清从英语议论文分析大学生抽象思维特点 结合起来,但同时,必须让学生认识到,“ critical外国语,2006(2:49 think ing是培养独立思维的一种方法,它并不是要8]文秋芳输出驱动假设与英语专业技能课程的改革[J外语 质疑一切怀疑一切,否定一切,这种怀疑要有根 [9] FACDNE NC FAC DNE PA. Teach ing and Assessing Critical 据。教师要鼓励学生敢于怀疑,敢于挑战一些既 Th inking in Nursing and A llied Health Paper Z]. American A 定说法。既定说法有对有错,应该听取多方意见 ciation of H igher Educatin A ssessment Form washington. DC. 形成自己的想法。如果要反对,就要提出充分的 理由来进行证明,如此看问题才能客观、全面 [] PAUL, R W.& ElDER, R Critical Thinking: Tools for Tak- 外籍教师用思辨能力方法教授大学生英语辩 ing Charge of Your Leaming and Your Life[M]. New Jersey. 论课给我们的外语教学打开了一个新的思路,我 Pearson Prentice Hall, 2006 [11 JEAN SCHERZ HUR YN Debating as a Teaching TechniqueJ] 们在借鉴这种新的方法的同时,一定要注意结合 Teaching Sociology, 1986, 14(4): 266-269 我国国情,了解我国大学生心理特征及需求,不能[12vo,H& MORR N, R Debate as a Tool in Teach ing Econom 生搬硬套,否则会挫伤学生的学习积极性,也不能 ics Rationale, Technique, and Some Evidence[J]. Joumal of 达到良好的教学效果 Education for B usiness 2006, 81(6): 315-320 [13] TUMROSKY, N. The DebateDebate[J) C laring House, 2004 注释 ①本文中所说的思维能力或思辨能力与国外 critical think ing skills (141DCKN, RAND I Devebp ing.,“ RealWorld telligence” Teaching Argumentative W riting though Debate [ J]. English 相对应。在文秋芳(2008)和文秋芳、王建卿、赵彩然等(2009)两篇 Joumal,2004,9(1):34 文章中讨论了“ critical think ing ski这一术语的翻译问题,这里不15 J MUSSELMAN, E Usmg Structured Debate t Achieve Auto- 再重复。 mous Student D iscussonJ) The History Teacher, 2004, 37(3) 参考文献: [16 KENNEDY R hClass Debates Fertile Ground for Active [1]高建平辩论式教学在英语口语课教学中的应用[J]楚雄师 Leam ing and the Cultivaton of Critical Think ing and oral Ca 范学院学报,2003,(4):44-46 on Skills [J] Intemational Joumal of Teach ing an 2]王阿晶.英语辩论是全面提高学生英语能力的有效途径[J Leaming in Higher Education, 2007, 19(2): 183-190. 边疆经济与文化,2005,(5):111-124 3]曾丹辩论法在大学英语教学中的效果探析[现代企业教17 J MARSHALL,C,& ROSSMAN, G Design ing Qualitative Re search[M) 3rdEd Thousand Oakes, CA: Sage Publicatons, 育,2006,(7):81-84 1999 4]彭青龙思辨能力与创新—口语课堂上的演讲、辩论初探 Critical Thiking D evelopm ent and English d eba te Chss A Case Study of an Amer ican Teacher s Teaching in China LIU Yan-p ing Foreign Language Deparment, Guangxi College of Finance and Econom ics, Nanning 530003, China) Abstract: This paper stud ies how an American teacher teaches Ch ine se university students with the critical think ing app roach in debating Through class observation for to semesters and interv iews with the teacher, students and other teachers concemed, the au thor has done some qualitative analysis to summarize the teaching methods used in the class And fnally, some suggestons on how to integrate critical th ink ing train ing and lan- guage skill training are put fowward Key words: critical think ing ability, debate, language teach ing 01994-2010ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreservedhttp://www.cnki.net言技能输出课程中设计大量的课堂练习 ,其中口 头表达在课堂中最高层次为“就论点论据思辨能 力 ,练习演讲 ,写文字稿 ,参加辩论 ” [ 8 ]。 (二 ) 怀疑与思辨的统一 我们提倡语言教师要把思维和语言技能教学 结合起来 ,但同时 ,必须让学生认识到 ,“critical thinking”是培养独立思维的一种方法 ,它并不是要 质疑一切 ,怀疑一切 ,否定一切 ,这种怀疑要有根 据。教师要鼓励学生敢于怀疑 ,敢于挑战一些既 定说法。既定说法有对有错 ,应该听取多方意见 , 形成自己的想法。如果要反对 ,就要提出充分的 理由来进行证明 ,如此看问题才能客观、全面。 外籍教师用思辨能力方法教授大学生英语辩 论课给我们的外语教学打开了一个新的思路 ,我 们在借鉴这种新的方法的同时 ,一定要注意结合 我国国情 ,了解我国大学生心理特征及需求 ,不能 生搬硬套 ,否则会挫伤学生的学习积极性 ,也不能 达到良好的教学效果。 注 释 : ①本文中所说的思维能力或思辨能力与国外 critical thinking skills 相对应。在文秋芳 (2008)和文秋芳、王建卿、赵彩然等 (2009)两篇 文章中讨论了“critical thinking skills”这一术语的翻译问题 ,这里不 再重复。 参考文献 : [ 1 ] 高建平. 辩论式教学在英语口语课教学中的应用 [ J ]. 楚雄师 范学院学报 , 2003, (4) : 44 - 46. [ 2 ] 王阿晶. 英语辩论是全面提高学生英语能力的有效途径 [ J ]. 边疆经济与文化 , 2005, (5) : 111 - 124. [ 3 ] 曾丹. 辩论法在大学英语教学中的效果探析 [ J ]. 现代企业教 育 , 2006, (7) : 81 - 84. [ 4 ] 彭青龙. 思辨能力与创新 ———口语课堂上的演讲、辩论初探 [J ]. 外语界 , 2000, (2) : 39 - 42. [ 5 ] 文秋芳. 口语教学与思维能力的培养 [ J ]. 国外外语教学 , 1999, (1) : 1 - 4. [ 6 ] 文秋芳 ,周燕. 评述外语专业学生思维能力的发展 [J ]. 外语学 刊 , 2006, (5) : 76 - 80. [ 7 ] 文秋芳 ,刘润清. 从英语议论文分析大学生抽象思维特点 [J ]. 外国语 , 2006, (2) : 49 - 58. [ 8 ] 文秋芳. 输出驱动假设与英语专业技能课程的改革 [J ]. 外语 界 , 2008, (2) : 2 - 9. [ 9 ] FACIONE NC & FACIONE PA. Teaching and Assessing Critical Thinking in N ursing and A llied Health Paper[ Z]. American A sso2 ciation of Higher Education A ssessment Forum, Washington, DC. 1994. [ 10 ] PAUL, R. W. & ELDER, R. Critical Thinking: Tools for Tak2 ing Charge of Your Learning and Your L ife [M ]. New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2006. [ 11 ] JEAN SCHERZ HURYN. Debating as a Teaching Technique[J ]. Teaching Sociology, 1986, 14 (4) : 266 - 269. [ 12 ] VO, H. &MORR IS, R. Debate as a Tool in Teaching Econom2 ics: Rationale, Technique, and Some Evidence [ J ]. Journal of Education forB usiness, 2006, 81 (6) : 315 - 320. [ 13 ] TUMPOSKY, N. The Debate Debate [J ]. Clearing House, 2004, 78 (2) : 52 - 55. [ 14 ] D ICKSON, RAND I. Develop ing, “Real2World Intelligence”: Teaching A rgumentative W riting through Debate [ J ]. English Journal, 2004, 9 (1) : 34. [ 15 ] MUSSELMAN, E. U sing Structured Debate to Achieve Autono2 mous Student D iscussion[J ]. The History Teacher, 2004, 37 ( 3) : 335 - 348. [ 16 ] KENNEDY R. In2Class Debates: Fertile Ground for Active Learning and the Cultivation of Critical Thinking and O ral Com2 munication Skills [ J ]. International Journal of Teaching and Learning in Higher Education, 2007, 19 (2) : 183 - 190. [ 17 ] MARSHALL, C. , & ROSSMAN, G. Designing Qualitative Re2 search [ M ]. 3 rdEd. Thousand Oakes, CA: Sage Publications, 1999. Cr itica l Thinking D evelopm en t and English D eba te Cla ss ———A Ca se Study of an Am er ican Teacherπs Teaching in Ch ina L IU Yan2p ing (Foreign Language Department, Guangxi College of Finance and Econom ics, Nanning 530003, China) Abstract: This paper studies how an American teacher teaches Chinese university studentswith the critical thinking app roach in debating. Through class observation for two semesters and interviews with the teacher, students and other teachers concerned, the author has done some qualitative analysis to summarize the teaching methods used in the class. And finally, some suggestions on how to integrate critical thinking training and lan2 guage skill training are put forward. Key words: critical thinking ability; debate; language teaching 50 外语艺术教育研究 总第 29期