Transportation Strategy in Hong Kong Accordingly, from 1990 to 1993, the updating of the Second Comprehensive Transport Study (CTS-2 Update )was undertaken to review the cts-2 framework taking into account the relocation of the airport to Chek Lap Kok, Metroplan, and various reclamation stud ies. The lanning horizon was also extended to 2011 9 CTS-3 is the Third Comprehensive Transport Study. In view of the considerable uncertainties of transport planning at the time, in particular the future location of the territory s airport, the study recommended that the implementation of the strategy should be monitored and updated on a 9 In order to update and refine Hong Kong's transport infrastructure and policy framework, the following needed to be considered in detail The upward revision of the population forecasts An enhanced housing programme, The rapidly increasing cross boundary traffic The recent growing concern over env ironmental impact, particularly adverse air qual ity, all point to a need The objective of CTS-3 is to provide a framework on which Government can develop a balanced transport strategy to facilitate the mobility of people and goods of Hong Kong in an environmentally sustainable manner up to 2016 9 CTS-2 was a key study in the development of Hong Kong's transport policy and systems. Its recommendations formed the basis of the 1990 White Paper "Moving into the 2 1st Century 9 Many of the road and rail infrastructure recommendations of the White Paper have now been implemented(table). The broad policy directions have also been generally maintained Environmental Improvement Measures Current Status of the Evironment a In recent years, there has been growing concern over Hong Kongs deteriorating environment Air qual ity monitoring results for 1997 indicated that five of the nine air quality monitoring stations did not meet the annual average Air Quality Objective(AQo) for respirable suspended particulates (RSP) a Elevated RSP concentrations are believed to be associated with higher respiratory illness and death rates 9 Nitrogen dioxide also contributes to poor air quality in Hong Kong. This pollutant is believed to cause respiratory irritation and other health problems 9 The nitrogen dioxide level has risen 20% in the 5-year period to 1997 and in that year exceeded the annual average AQO at one air quality monitoring station. The roadside air Pollution Index reached the"very high"band nine times in February 1999. Such episodes of poor air quality were attributed to the high levels of nitrogen dioxide measured at these stations which are typically surrounded by tall buildings 4 As the air pollutants emitted from some major emission sources such as power plants are well dispersed at high levels, pollutant emissions from road vehicles manifest themselves in the form of poor street level air quality It is estimated that transport contributed approximately 65%& 75% of the street level emissions of nitrogen oxides and rSP in 1997, respectively. To tackle the situation, Government is progressively implementing a series of control measures includ ing the adoption of improved emission standards(Euro III)and the use of Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPg )for taxis The franchised bus companies are being encouraged to install d iesel catalytic converters to their pre-Euro bus fleet and have planned to secure supply of diesel fuel with lower sulphur content for their buses. In addition, programmes for reduction of the number of bus stops in busy urban areas such as Central, Wan Chai and Causeway Bay are well underway. This measure will improve traffic flow and thereby reduce emissionsTransportation Strategy in Hong Kong 2  Accordingly, from 1990 to 1993, the updating of the Second Comprehensive Transport Study (CTS-2 Update) was undertaken to review the CTS-2 framework taking into account the relocation of the airport to Chek Lap Kok, Metroplan, and various reclamation studies. The planning horizon was also extended to 2011  CTS-3 is the Third Comprehensive Transport Study. In view of the considerable uncertainties of transport planning at the time, in particular the future location of the territory's airport, the study recommended that the implementation of the strategy should be monitored and updated on a regular basis  In order to update and refine Hong Kong's transport infrastructure and policy framework, the following needed to be considered in detail: ◼ The upward revision of the population forecasts, ◼ An enhanced housing programme, ◼ The rapidly increasing cross boundary traffic & ◼ The recent growing concern over environmental impact, particularly adverse air quality, all point to a need  The objective of CTS-3 is to provide a framework on which Government can develop a balanced transport strategy to facilitate the mobility of people and goods of Hong Kong in an environmentally sustainable manner up to 2016  CTS-2 was a key study in the development of Hong Kong's transport policy and systems. Its recommendations formed the basis of the 1990 White Paper "Moving into the 21st Century“  Many of the road and rail infrastructure recommendations of the White Paper have now been implemented (table). The broad policy directions have also been generally maintained Environmental Improvement Measures Current Status of the Environment ◼ In recent years, there has been growing concern over Hong Kong's deteriorating environment. Air quality monitoring results for 1997 indicated that five of the nine air quality monitoring stations did not meet the annual average Air Quality Objective (AQO) for respirable suspended particulates (RSP) ◼ Elevated RSP concentrations are believed to be associated with higher respiratory illness and death rates  Nitrogen dioxide also contributes to poor air quality in Hong Kong. This pollutant is believed to cause respiratory irritation and other health problems  The nitrogen dioxide level has risen 20% in the 5-year period to 1997 and in that year exceeded the annual average AQO at one air quality monitoring station. The roadside Air Pollution Index reached the "very high" band nine times in February 1999. Such episodes of poor air quality were attributed to the high levels of nitrogen dioxide measured at these stations, which are typically surrounded by tall buildings  As the air pollutants emitted from some major emission sources such as power plants are well dispersed at high levels, pollutant emissions from road vehicles manifest themselves in the form of poor street level air quality  It is estimated that transport contributed approximately 65% & 75% of the street level emissions of nitrogen oxides and RSP in 1997, respectively. To tackle the situation, Government is progressively implementing a series of control measures including the adoption of improved emission standards (Euro III) and the use of Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) for taxis  The franchised bus companies are being encouraged to install diesel catalytic converters to their pre-Euro bus fleet and have planned to secure supply of diesel fuel with lower sulphur content for their buses. In addition, programmes for reduction of the number of bus stops in busy urban areas such as Central, Wan Chai and Causeway Bay are well underway. This measure will improve traffic flow and thereby reduce emissions